修飾部分を「前置詞」＋「関係代名詞」を使う文とそうでない文、二つ書きなさい。
Read the passage and answer the questions below
Kyoto, a city in Japan, is famous for its old buildings and history. It used to be the capital of Japan for a long time.
There are many temples and shrines in Kyoto, like the Golden Pavilion, which is covered in gold.
Additionally, the Fushimi Inari Shrine, famous for its thousands of vermillion torii gates stretching along a forested mountain trail, is a sight to behold.
In Kyoto, people still do old traditions like tea ceremonies and flower arranging, but they also have modern things.
You can explore the city, join festivals, and eat delicious food like Kyoto-style dinners.
Many people love visiting Kyoto because it’s a mix of old and new things.
Exercise
1.Evaluate the impact of traditional arts such as the tea ceremony and ikebana on Kyoto’s contemporary cultural landscape, considering their role in preserving tradition while embracing modernity.
2.Analyze the significance of Kyoto’s historical background as the former imperial capital of Japan and its influence on the city’s cultural heritage.
文章を理解し、主要なアイデアやテーマを把握する能力を養うために役立ちます。文章の主要なアイデアを把握することは、情報を整理し、要点を把握するスキルを向上させるうえで重要です。また、論理的思考や文章内の重要な情報を選別する力も養われます。
解く際には、与えられた文章を注意深く読み、文章全体の内容を把握すると同時に、選択肢の中から最も文章に合った主要なアイデアを見つける必要があります。選択肢の中には文章の一部分や詳細な情報が含まれているものもあるかもしれませんが、問題は文章全体の主要なテーマを尋ねています。選択肢を比較し、最も包括的で文章全体を代表するものを選ぶことが求められます。
この能力は、各種受験問題とくに大学共通テストやビジネスさまざまな場面で役立ちます。読解力を高め、大量の情報から肝心な点を抽出する能力を磨くことで、効率的な情報処理が可能となります。また、論文やレポートの要約、会議の議事録作成などで、主要なアイデアを正確に捉えるスキルが重要となります。
Problem1. The Industrial Revolution was a period of major changes in the way products are made. It took place more than 200 years ago and greatly affected the way people lived as well as the way they worked. In earlier days, people made products by hand. They worked mostly in their own homes or in small workshops. During the Industrial Revolution, many factories were built. Workers used machines to mass-produce goods.
A) The Industrial Revolution changed the way people lived and worked.
B) The Industrial Revolution was a period of mass production of goods.
C) The Industrial Revolution took place more than 200 years ago.
D) The Industrial Revolution replaced hand-made products with machines.
Problem2. Japan is famous for its cherry blossoms, which bloom in late March or early April. The cherry blossoms, or sakura, symbolize the beauty and fragility of life. They last for only a few weeks before they fall from the trees. Many people in Japan celebrate the cherry blossom season by having picnics under the trees with their friends and family. This tradition is called hanami, which means “flower viewing”.
A) Japan is famous for its cherry blossoms, which bloom in late March or early April.
B) The cherry blossoms, or sakura, symbolize the beauty and fragility of life.
C) Many people in Japan celebrate the cherry blossom season by having picnics under the trees with their friends and family.
D) The paragraph describes the cherry blossom season and its significance in Japan.
Problem3. The human brain is a remarkable organ that controls all the functions of the body. It is composed of billions of nerve cells, or neurons, that communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. The brain has different regions that are responsible for different tasks, such as memory, language, emotion, vision, and movement. The brain is also plastic, which means it can change and adapt to new experiences and learning.
A) The human brain is composed of billions of nerve cells that communicate with each other.
B) The human brain has different regions that are responsible for different tasks.
C) The human brain is plastic and can change and adapt to new experiences and learning.
D) The human brain is a remarkable organ that controls all the functions of the body and has various features.
Problem4. Social media has become a ubiquitous part of our lives. We use it to connect with friends and family, to share our opinions and interests, to get news and information, and to entertain ourselves. However, social media also has some negative effects on our mental health and well-being. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to anxiety, depression, loneliness, low self-esteem, and poor sleep quality. Therefore, it is important to use social media wisely and moderately, and to balance it with other activities that enrich our lives.
A) To inform the readers about the benefits and drawbacks of social media.
B) To persuade the readers to use social media less and do other activities more.
C) To entertain the readers with stories and anecdotes about social media.
D) To compare and contrast different types of social media platforms and their features.
Problem5. Lunar colonization has been a topic of interest for many years. With advancements in space exploration technology, scientists and researchers are considering the possibility of establishing a human presence on the Moon. This endeavor poses numerous challenges, including radiation exposure, resource limitations, and long-duration space travel. However, proponents of lunar colonization believe that it could lead to scientific discoveries, serve as a stepping stone for future Mars missions, and even act as a potential backup location for humanity.
A) Lunar colonization’s challenges and potential drawbacks.
B) The role of the Moon as a stepping stone for Mars missions.
C) The scientific discoveries possible through lunar colonization.
D) Advancements in space exploration technology and human presence on the Moon.
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B
１．下の単語の最も強く発音する部分を答えなさい。
(1) in – vent (2) vol – un – teer
２．日本語は英語に、英語は日本語に直しなさい。
（１） God （２） 指 （３）参加する （４）導入する （５）シンボル （６）原形
（７）（野球の）帽子 （８）床 （７）友情 （８）時代 （１０）少し
３．（ ）内の語を適切な形に直しなさい。
(1) He also learned singing and he (sing) in church.
(2) Braille is (write) in many places.
4. 下の文の（ ）に適するものを選び、その記号を書きなさい。
(1) This movie ( ) sad.
アmake you イmakes his ウmakes you
(2) Braille ( ) by Louis Braille in 1825.
ア was inventing イ is inventing ウ were invented エ was invented
(3) She ( ) in Canada for 2 weeks.
ア have stayedイ have staying ウ was stayed エ has stayed
5. １から８に当てはまる語をしたから選び、記号で答えなさい。 ア・イには当てはまる語を英語で書きなさい。
>The boy’s name was Aragaki Tsutomu. He liked music very much. One day he heard some hymns ( 1 ) the radio. He was ア in them. He wanted to hear some other hymns, and so he went to a church.
At the church he ( 2 ) the minister. Tsutomu ( 3 ) him about his life. The minister listened to him quietly. When Tsutomu ( 4 ) talking , he ( 5 ) that the minister was crying,“Oh, he ( 6 ) me, “ Tsutomu, Do you want to come and stay ( 7 ) us ? My wife and children イ happy. ” Tsutomu said, “Yes” Tsutomu started a new life ( 8 ) a member of the minister’s warm family.
(as, stopped , met , looked, with, stopped, on, found, understands, told)
ア イ
6.次の括弧内に正しい語句を入れなさい。
(1) 彼のおばあさんが彼の世話をしました。
His grandmother ( ) ( ) ( ) him.
(2) 彼は困っている人々を助けることを決心しました。
He ( ) ( ) ( ) other people in need.
(3) 私たち原文を点字に訳すためにコンピュータを使っています。
We’re using computers ( ) ( ) text ( ) Braille.
７．並び替えなさい。
(7)彼らは、（彼らの）家をより大きくしました。
(8)サッカーは多くの国でプレーされていますか。はい、されています。
(9)私は吉田兄弟の大ファンです。
１１．（ ）内から、適する語を選びなさい。
（１）Bill’s room ( was / is / are ) cleaned every day.
（２）( Do / Will / May ) I use your pen? – Sure.
（３）Shin has used this computer ( since / for ) two years.
（４）It has ( be / is / been / was ) sunny since yesterday
（５）Emi ( has / have / haved ) played tennis for three years
１２．（ ）内の語句を日本語に合う形にしなさい。
（１）This poem was ( write ) about 60 years ago.
この詩は約60年前に書かれました。
（２）Judy has ( study ) Japanese since last month.
ジュディは先月から英語を勉強しています。
（３） Was Shin ( run ) in the park then?
シンはあのとき、公園を走っていましたか？
（４）This dog is ( big ) than that one.
この犬はあの犬よりも大きい。
１３．（ ）に適する語を語群から選んで、記号で答えなさい。
（１）Origami is made ( ) a piece of paper.
（２）There are three ( ) differences.
（３）Braille is used ( ) many people.
ア most イ in ウ more エ from オ of カ by
1４．次の文中には誤りが一ヵ所あります。 例にならって、誤った部分を抜き出し、訂正しなさい。
（例）This are a pen 《誤》 are → 《正》 is
（１）The Braille is Figure 2 say “ku”.
（２）He has driven his car since ten years.
（３）Learned Braille is easy.
１５．次の（ ）の中の語を並べかえ、日本文に合う英文を書きなさい。
（１）私たちはこの公園を美しくしたいのです。
We want to ( this / beautiful / make / park ) .
（２）点字はどこで使われていますか。
( Braille / where / used / is ) ?
（３） 夏は泳ぐのに一番よい季節です。
Summer is ( season / best / for / the / swimming ) .
（４）あなたは去年から柔道の練習をしていますか。
( you / last / practiced / since / year / judo / have )?
１６．次の文を支持に従って、書き換えなさい。
（１）Shunsuke has played soccer for 14 years. （下線部を尋ねる疑問文に）
（２）Many people love these songs. (these songs を 主語にして受け身の文に)
（３）He wants a cat. （since last monthをつけて現在完了形の文に）
（４）Your room is cleaned every day. (疑問文に)
（５）My father gave me this pen. (下線部を主語に)
（６）This painting was painted in 1810. (下線部を尋ねる疑問文に)
１７．二つの文が等しくなるように、括弧内に適語を入れなさい。
（１）Kenta will help the old people next Thursday.
= Kenta ( ) ( ) ( ) to help the old people next Thursday.
（２）I began to have two cats a year ago, and I have the cats now.
= I ( )( )two cats ( ) a year.
18．次の日本文に合うように（ ）に当てはまる英語を入れて完成しなさい。
（１）例えば、この図を見てください。
Look at the figures, ( ) ( )
（２）私たちに参加してみてはどうですか？
( ) ( ) ( ) join us?
（３）それは、世界で最も有名な像の一つです。
It’s ( ) of the ( ) ( ) statues in the world.
（４）その像は４６メートルの高さです。
The statue is 46 ( ) ( ).
19.次の情報から、一つを選んで、現在完了形の英作文をしなさい。なお、選んだ番号を解答欄に書きなさい。
番号 名前 何を どのくらい
１ Misa バレーボールをしている 去年から
2 Mr.William 日本に住んでいる 25歳の時から
3 Saki 2匹の犬を飼っている 3年間
20.以下の英文は、点訳グループのメンバーである恵美が、自分の活動についてはっぴょうしています。英文を読んで、問題に答えなさい。
Braille is very small. ①It makes reading difficult. I’ll pass around an example. Feel it ( ２ ) your fingers. I work ( 2 ) a volunteer group. We’re using computers to put text into Braille.
Sometimes we get letters from people. ③The letters make us happy. Our meetings are held every Saturday.
（１）①It は何をさしていますか。
（２）（ 2 ）には共通する一語が入ります。答えなさい。
（３）下線部③を日本語に訳しなさい。
（４）以下の中から本文の内容と一致していないものを一つ選び記号で答えなさい。
ア Reading Braille is difficult.
イ Braille is not big.
ウ The volunteers are using computers to put braille into text.
エ When Emi gets the letters, she always becomes happy.
（5）次の質問に後に続く形で答えなさい。
When are the meetings held?
→ They are ( ) ( )( ).
20.次の文は、テレビ番組の「日本文化紹介コーナー」です。以下の文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。
Hello, everyone. This is your reporter, Maria Jones. Today I’m here in a big park in Hirosaki. I’m going to go to a shamisen concert. I’ve lived in Japan for five years, and I’ve loved Japanese music since I hear it ① 初めて ．
（１） 下線部① 初めて を英語4語で書きなさい。
（２） 本文を読んで、次の文の（ ）を埋める形で答えなさい。
レポーターのマリア・ジョーンズは、日本に（ ）年間住んでおり、初めて聴いたときから、 （ ）が（ ）です。
21．（ ）の中に適当な語を入れなさい。
（１）The concert ( ) ( ) three days. そのコンサートは3日間続きます。
（２）（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）, the concert is very crowded.
見てお分かりになるように、そのコンサートは込んでいます。
（３） The concert ( ) ( )( ) people in this area.
そのコンサートはこの地域の人に人気があります。
２１. 次の長文を読んで、次の問題に答えなさい。
I’ve lived in Nagoya ①( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
I love Nagoya because there are a lot of nice foods. I like tebasaki, misonikomi and uiro.
When I went to Tushima city, I visited Tushima shrine and walked around Tenno river park.
②Although I do not often go to the city, I remember many nice places.
① 生まれたときからという文に。
② 訳しなさい
Laws are an indispensable pillar of any civilized society, serving as the bedrock for maintaining order, justice, and protecting individual freedoms, creating a system that encompasses legislation, judiciary, and enforcement. They provide a framework that governs our interactions, resolves conflicts, and ensures the smooth functioning of societies. Laws also provide a sense of order and stability in society. （ ① ） establishing guidelines for behavior, laws discourage and penalize actions that would disrupt social harmony. They outline acceptable conduct, delineate rights and responsibilities, and facilitate predictability in human interactions.The concept of law can be traced back to the earliest human societies. As humans gathered into communities, they recognized the need for rules to govern behavior, prevent harm, and promote collective well-being. As time advanced, there was remarkable case fought for freedom of speech. Nothing else better represents it than the case of Socrates’s. Here is a simplified story of what happened to him in the ancient time.
Socrates was an influential philosopher in Athens who questioned conventional beliefs and challenged the authority of the city-state’s democratic government. He was accused of impiety (disrespecting the gods) and corrupting the youth of Athens through his philosophical teachings. During his trial, Socrates defended himself by engaging in philosophical dialogue with his accusers and the jury. （②） delivering a compelling defense, which emphasized the importance of seeking wisdom and the pursuit of truth, Socrates was found guilty by a narrow margin.
The jury sentenced Socrates to death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock. Socrates accepted the verdict and calmly carried out the execution, becoming a symbol of intellectual integrity and standing up for one’s beliefs. The trial of Socrates holds immense historical significance as it raises important questions about the role of philosophy, the limits of free speech, and the relationship（③） an individual and the state. It serves （④） a cautionary tale about the potential dangers of a democratic system suppressing intellectual dissent and the importance of critical thinking and open dialogue in society. The trial and execution of Socrates had a profound influence on subsequent Western philosophy, with his student Plato dedicating several dialogues to the events surrounding the trial. Socrates’ martyrdom and the subsequent reflection on his life and teachings shaped the development of philosophy and the understanding of justice for centuries to come.
（⑤）laws protecting freedom, there are laws in place that prohibit discrimination, division, and defamation. Recently there was a breaking news story that quickly spread throughout Japan about a tragic incident involving a TV star who took their own life. This individual identified as LGBTQ+ and was born male but identified as female. イThey faced numerous challenges throughout their life. They discovered their true identity during their school years and bravely confided in their mother, who unfortunately responded with hurtful words like, ‘I raised you wrongly.’ This deeply affected their mental state, and they began to accumulate sadness day after day. With the recent passage of a new LGBTQ protection law in the Diet, they received significant media attention but also experienced a surge of defamation. ロ(it place stronger combat had laws in to been defamation for), this individual might have been spared from such a tragic fate.
In conclusion, from Socrates’s, it is crucial to educate citizens about their rights and the laws that protect them. By fostering legal literacy, individuals can understand their rights, hold authorities accountable, and actively participate in shaping the legal system. Laws continuously evolve to adapt to societal changes and emerging challenges. Citizens can advocate for legal reforms, engage in peaceful protests, and participate in democratic processes to influence legislation. Active engagement with lawmakers and legal institutions can promote the enactment of laws that further protect freedom and liberty. A robust judicial system that upholds the rule of law is essential for ensuring freedom and liberty. An independent judiciary acts as a check on arbitrary exercises of power, protects individual rights, and ensures fair and impartial adjudication. Upholding the principles of due process and equal protection under the law enhances citizens’ trust in the legal system.
設 問
1.（①）（②）（③）（④）（⑤）に入る適切な語下の語群から選びなさい。
by, despite, between, as, in addition to, due to, thanks to,
2.下線部を和訳しなさい。
3.
イを表すものは何か？
ロを入れ替えなさい。
4.What is the best title for the passage?
a.Why are there increasing rate of crimes here and there?
b.Where did the law come from?
c.What is law? Why we need it? Foundation of society
d.Socrates. The Father of freedom of speech
選択問題
1.Laws serve as the foundation for maintaining order, justice, and protecting individual freedoms. What purpose do laws primarily serve?
a) To create conflict
b) To disrupt social harmony
c) To establish guidelines for behavior
d) To limit human interactions
2.During his trial, Socrates defended himself by engaging in philosophical dialogue with his accusers and the jury. What did his defense emphasize?
a) The importance of seeking wisdom and the pursuit of truth
b) The need for strict adherence to the democratic government
c) The dangers of questioning conventional beliefs
d) The benefits of corrupting the youth of Athens
3.Socrates was found guilty by the jury and sentenced to death by:
a) Hanging
b) Beheading
c) Poison hemlock
d) Firing squad
4.The trial of Socrates raises important questions about the role of philosophy, the limits of free speech, and the relationship between:
a) Philosophy and democracy
b) Philosophy and justice
c) Free speech and democracy
d) Free speech and justice
5.The trial and execution of Socrates had a profound influence on subsequent Western philosophy. Who dedicated several dialogues to the events surrounding the trial?
a) Aristotle
b) Plato
c) Socrates himself
d) Pythagoras
6.The recent breaking news story in Japan involved a tragic incident where a TV star, who identified as LGBTQ+, took their own life. What could have potentially saved them from such a fate?
a) Stricter defamation laws
b) Stricter laws prohibiting discrimination
c) Weaker protection laws for LGBTQ+ individuals
d) Weaker protection laws against defamation
7.By fostering legal literacy, individuals can understand their rights, hold authorities accountable, and actively participate in shaping the legal system. What can legal literacy help citizens achieve?
a) Limit their rights and freedoms
b) Ignore authorities and disrupt the legal system
c) Understand and protect their rights
d) Avoid participating in democratic processes
8.Citizens can advocate for legal reforms, engage in peaceful protests, and participate in democratic processes to influence legislation. What can active engagement with lawmakers and legal institutions promote?
a) The enactment of laws that limit freedom and liberty
b) The overthrow of the legal system
c) The enactment of laws that further protect freedom and liberty
d) The establishment of an authoritarian government
What is the role of an independent judiciary in upholding the rule of law?
a) To protect individual rights and ensure fair and impartial adjudication
b) To exercise arbitrary power and limit individual rights
c) To undermine the legal system and disrupt social harmony
d) To enact laws and legislation
10.Upholding the principles of due process and equal protection under the law enhances citizens’ trust in the legal system. What does a robust judicial system ensure?
a) Arbitrary exercises of power
b) Individual rights and fair adjudication
c) Limited access to justice
d) Unfair and biased decisions
annotation
*Legislation:
Legislation refers to the process of creating laws or statutes. It involves the formulation, enactment, amendment, and repeal of laws by a legislative body, such as a parliament or congress. The purpose of legislation is to establish rules and regulations that govern various aspects of society, including civil rights, criminal offenses, taxation, business practices, and more. In a democratic system, legislation is typically carried out by elected representatives who consider the needs and interests of the population when drafting and passing laws.
*Judiciary:
The judiciary is the branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law. It comprises a system of courts and judges who adjudicate legal disputes and ensure that laws are interpreted and applied fairly and consistently. The judiciary acts as a neutral arbiter, independent of the legislative and executive branches, and its role is to uphold the rule of law. Judges review the facts and evidence presented in cases, interpret the law, and deliver judgments or verdicts. They also play a crucial role in safeguarding individual rights, protecting the constitution, and resolving conflicts between individuals, organizations, or the state.
*Enforcement:
Enforcement refers to the implementation and execution of laws, regulations, and court decisions. It involves various law enforcement agencies, such as the police, regulatory bodies, and other authorized personnel, who ensure compliance with the law and maintain public order. Enforcement may include investigating and preventing crimes, apprehending offenders, conducting inspections, issuing fines or penalties for violations, and taking necessary actions to enforce court judgments. The enforcement process aims to deter unlawful behavior, protect public safety, and ensure that the decisions and rulings made by the judiciary are respected and followed.