適切な冠詞を選択肢の中から選びなさい。
この練習を行うことで、以下のことができるようになります：
パッセージの主題や中心的なアイデアを特定する。
テキスト内の具体的な詳細を見つけて解釈する。これらの詳細が主題をどのようにサポートしているかを理解する。
パッセージに提供された情報に基づいて論理的な推論を行う。
不慣れな単語やフレーズの意味を文脈から判断する。
テキストで提示された議論の強さと妥当性を評価する。
Passage 1
The following is an excerpt from a fictional narrative about a character named Jane.
Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning. As the first rays of sunlight filtered through the leaves, she felt a deep sense of peace. Today, however, was different. The usual serenity was overshadowed by a gnawing anxiety. She was starting her new job, and the anticipation was almost too much to bear. Jane took a deep breath and reminded herself that change was a part of life.
Question 1:
What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Jane is worried about losing her job.
B) Jane finds solace in the early morning but is anxious about her new job.
C) Jane dislikes changes in her life.
D) Jane loves her new job.
Question 2:
Which phrase from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning.”
B) “The usual serenity was overshadowed by a gnawing anxiety.”
C) “She felt a deep sense of peace.”
D) “Jane took a deep breath and reminded herself that change was a part of life.”
Command of Evidence
Question 3:
Based on the passage, which of the following statements can be inferred about Jane’s feelings towards change?
A) Jane embraces change without any hesitation.
B) Jane feels conflicted about change.
C) Jane is indifferent to change.
D) Jane resists change.
Question 4:
Which sentence from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning.”
B) “Today, however, was different.”
C) “The usual serenity was overshadowed by a gnawing anxiety.”
D) “Jane took a deep breath and reminded herself that change was a part of life.”
Words in Context
Question 5:
As used in the passage, the word “gnawing” most nearly means:
A) persistent
B) fleeting
C) irrelevant
D) physical
Grammar and Usage
Question 6:
Select the best version of the underlined part of the sentence: “Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning. As the first rays of sunlight filtered through the leaves, she felt a deep sense of peace.”
A) (No change)
B) tranquility, of the early morning
C) tranquility of the early morning;
D) tranquility: of the early morning
Expression of Ideas
Question 7:
Which choice best maintains the style and tone of the passage?
A) Jane felt pretty good about the morning, but she was sort of nervous about her new job.
B) Jane felt serene in the morning but anxious about her new job.
C) Jane’s mornings were usually calm, but today she was freaking out about her job.
D) Jane loved mornings, but she was worried sick about her new job.
Passage 2:
The following excerpt is from a historical analysis of early 20th-century urban development.
In the early 1900s, cities across the United States underwent significant transformations. The advent of the automobile revolutionized transportation, leading to the expansion of suburbs. Skyscrapers began to dominate the skyline, symbolizing economic growth and technological advancement. However, this rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification. Reformers pushed for better living conditions, advocating for public parks, improved sanitation, and housing regulations.
Question 1:
What is the main focus of the passage?
A) The economic benefits of skyscrapers.
B) The role of automobiles in city development.
C) The changes and challenges in urban development in the early 1900s.
D) The decline of suburban areas.
Question 2:
Which detail from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “The advent of the automobile revolutionized transportation.”
B) “Skyscrapers began to dominate the skyline.”
C) “This rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.”
D) “Reformers pushed for better living conditions.”
Command of Evidence
Question 3:
What can be inferred about the attitude of reformers towards urban development?
A) They were opposed to all forms of development.
B) They supported development but wanted to address its negative impacts.
C) They were indifferent to the changes happening in cities.
D) They believed development should be halted entirely.
Question 4:
Which sentence from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “The advent of the automobile revolutionized transportation.”
B) “Reformers pushed for better living conditions, advocating for public parks, improved sanitation, and housing regulations.”
C) “Skyscrapers began to dominate the skyline.”
D) “However, this rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.”
Words in Context
Question 5:
As used in the passage, the word “stratification” most nearly means:
A) simplification
B) layering
C) segregation
D) enhancement
Grammar and Usage
Question 6:
Select the best version of the underlined part of the sentence: “However, this rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.”
A) (No change)
B) including, overcrowding, pollution and social stratification.
C) including: overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.
D) including; overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.
Expression of Ideas
Question 7:
Which choice best maintains the formal tone of the passage?
A) Reformers were pretty upset about the problems in cities.
B) Reformers thought the city issues were kind of serious.
C) Reformers were concerned about urban problems and sought improvements.
D) Reformers freaked out about the city’s problems and tried to fix them.
1Answers:
B
B
B
D
A
A
B
2Answers:
C
C
B
B
C
A
C
カッコ内に適切な語を下の選択肢から選びなさい。
1.
The weather forecast predicted heavy rain for the weekend; ( 1 ), many outdoor events were canceled. The community picnic, for example, was postponed to the following week; ( 2 ), the organizers assured everyone that it would still be a fantastic event. The local farmers’ market decided to move indoors; thus, vendors and shoppers alike were able to enjoy the market without getting drenched. ( ), the annual charity run was rescheduled for a sunnier day, allowing participants to fully enjoy the event. Despite the changes, the town’s spirits remained high; ( 3 ), people found creative ways to enjoy the rainy weekend indoors. Some visited the newly opened art gallery; others, ( 4 ), chose to watch movies at home. ( 5 ), the community adapted well to the weather; consequently, the weekend turned out to be enjoyable for everyone.
moreover, however, consequently, overall, meanwhile, similarly
2.
The new library opened its doors to the public; consequently, book lovers flocked to explore the extensive collection. The children’s section was particularly popular; ( 1 ) , the multimedia area attracted many tech enthusiasts. The library staff organized several events to mark the occasion; ( 2 ), they hosted author readings and book signings. The response was overwhelmingly positive; ( 3 ), many attendees expressed interest in volunteering. Some visitors suggested additional workshops and clubs; ( 4 ), the library planned to expand its programming. The coffee shop within the library became a favorite spot for many; ( 5 ), it saw a significant increase in patrons. Overall, the opening was a great success; ( 6 ), it brought the community closer together.
hence, accordingly, similarly, for instance, moreover, furthermore
3.
The city council introduced new recycling policies last month; ( ), residents began sorting their waste more diligently. The policy aimed to reduce landfill usage; ( ), some people were initially resistant to the change. The council provided clear guidelines and educational workshops; ( ), compliance rates improved steadily. ( ), the introduction of curbside pickup for recyclables made it more convenient for everyone. The local schools also incorporated recycling education into their curricula; ( ) , children became advocates for the new policies at home. Businesses in the area adapted quickly; ( ), they started using more eco-friendly packaging. Despite a few challenges in the beginning, the community embraced the changes; ( ), the city saw a notable decrease in waste.
hence, accordingly, nevertheless, additionally, consequently, likewise, thus
Come up with【意味】 To think of or create something, such as an idea or a solution.
＜例＞ Can you come up with a plan for the project?
Hold on【意味】 To wait or stop for a short period.
＜例＞ Hold on, I’ll be with you in a moment.
Log in【意味】 To enter a computer system or website by providing the necessary credentials.
＜例＞Make sure to log in to your account to access the information.
Pick up【意味】 To lift or take something from a surface.
＜例＞Don’t forget to pick up your books before leaving the classroom.
Look after【意味】 To take care of or attend to someone or something.
＜例＞Can you look after my dog while I’m away?
Break up【意味】 To end a relationship or a group.
＜例＞ They decided to break up after years of dating.
Run out of【意味】 To exhaust the supply of something.
＜例＞ We ran out of milk, so we need to buy more.
Turn off【意味】 To deactivate or stop the operation of a device.
＜例＞ Please turn off your phone during the movie.
Check out【意味】 To investigate or take a look at something.
＜例＞ You should check out that new book at the library.
Take after【意味】 To resemble or have similar traits to a family member.
＜例＞【意味】 She really takes after her mother in terms of personality.
Figure out【意味】 To understand or solve a problem.
＜例＞ It took me a while to figure out the math equation.
Put on【意味】 To wear clothing or accessories.
＜例＞ I need to put on a jacket; it’s cold outside.
Bring in【意味】 To introduce or bring something into a place.
＜例＞ The company plans to bring in new policies next month.
Back up【意味】 To support or assist someone.
＜例＞ I’ll back you up in the meeting if you need it.
Call off【意味】 To cancel an event or activity.
＜例＞ Due to the weather, they had to call off the outdoor concert.
Settle down【意味】 To establish a permanent residence or calm down.
＜例＞ After years of traveling, she decided to settle down in a small town.
Look out【意味】 To be careful or watchful.
＜例＞ Look out for traffic while crossing the street.
Show off【意味】 To display or exhibit something proudly.
＜例＞ He loves to show off his art collection to visitors.
Bring up【意味】 To mention or raise a topic in conversation.
＜例＞ The teacher brought up an interesting point during the lecture.
Hold up【意味】 To delay or hinder.
＜例＞ The traffic accident held up the entire morning commute.
Back down【意味】 To withdraw or concede in a disagreement.
＜例＞【意味】 She refused to back down from her position in the argument.
Put up with【意味】 To tolerate or endure a difficult situation or person.
＜例＞ I don’t know how she puts up with such a noisy neighbor.
Cut off【意味】 To disconnect or stop the supply of something.
＜例＞ The storm cut off power to the entire neighborhood.
Break through【意味】 To overcome a barrier or obstacle.
＜例＞ The news finally broke through to him, and he realized the severity of the situation.
Pick out【意味】 To choose or select from a group.
＜例＞ Can you help me pick out a gift for my sister’s birthday?
Fill out【意味】 To complete a form or document by adding necessary information.
＜例＞ Please fill out this application form for the job.
Turn over【意味】 To change the position or direction of something.
＜例＞ Turn over the page to continue reading.
Call up【意味】 To telephone or contact someone.
＜例＞ I’ll call up the restaurant and make a reservation.
Catch on【意味】 To understand or grasp an idea.
＜例＞ It took a while, but eventually, he caught on to the new concept.
Sort out【意味】 To organize or resolve a problem.
＜例＞ Let’s sort out this issue before it gets worse.
Look into【意味】 To investigate or examine closely.
＜例＞ The committee will look into the matter and report back.
Come over【意味】 To visit someone’s home.
＜例＞ Why don’t you come over for dinner this weekend?
Hold up【意味】 To support or lift something.
＜例＞ The beams hold up the weight of the roof.
Come across【意味】 To encounter or find unexpectedly.
＜例＞ I came across an interesting article while browsing the internet.
Give in【意味】 To surrender or yield in an argument or request.
＜例＞ After much persuasion, she finally gave in and agreed to join us.
Set up【意味】 To arrange or establish something.
＜例＞ We need to set up a meeting to discuss the project.
Run into【意味】 To encounter someone unexpectedly.
＜例＞ I ran into my old friend at the grocery store.
Look up to【意味】 To admire or respect someone.
＜例＞ Many students look up to their teachers as role models.
Come up【意味】 To arise or occur.
＜例＞【意味】 A few issues came up during the meeting.
Get over【意味】 To recover from an illness or a setback.
＜例＞ It took her a while to get over the flu.
Bring back【意味】 To restore or reintroduce something.
＜例＞ The company decided to bring back the popular product.
Turn out【意味】 To attend an event or gathering.
＜例＞ A large crowd turned out for the concert.
Break up【意味】 To disperse or disassemble a group.
＜例＞ The protesters began to break up after the speech.
Look after【意味】 To take care of someone or something.
＜例＞ She looks after her younger siblings when her parents are at work.
Give away【意味】 To donate or distribute something for free.
＜例＞ The charity decided to give away clothes to those in need.
Put forward【意味】 To propose or suggest an idea.
＜例＞ He put forward a new plan for the project.
Show up【意味】 To appear or arrive, especially when expected.
＜例＞ She didn’t show up for the meeting, so we started without her.
Hold on【意味】 To wait for a short time.
＜例＞ Hold on a moment; I’ll be right back.
Take off【意味】 To remove or depart quickly.
＜例＞ Please take off your shoes before entering the house.
Bring in【意味】 To introduce or include something new.
＜例＞ The company decided to bring in a new policy.
Look forward to【意味】 To anticipate with pleasure.
＜例＞【意味】 I’m looking forward to the weekend getaway.
Show around【意味】 To give a tour or guide someone through a place.
＜例＞ She offered to show us around the city during our visit.
Turn up【意味】 To arrive or appear unexpectedly.
＜例＞ I didn’t expect him to turn up at the party.
Hold off【意味】 To delay or postpone.
＜例＞ They decided to hold off on making a decision until the next meeting.
Bring about【意味】 To cause or make something happen.
＜例＞ The new law will bring about significant changes in the industry.
Look after【意味】 To take care of someone or something.
＜例＞ Can you look after my pets while I’m on vacation?
Give out【意味】 To distribute or hand out.
＜例＞ The teacher gave out the assignments at the beginning of the class.
Call for【意味】 To require or demand.
＜例＞【意味】 The situation calls for immediate action.
Get across【意味】 To communicate or convey an idea.
＜例＞ It’s important to find the right words to get your message across.
Run out【意味】 To deplete the supply of something.
＜例＞ We ran out of milk and need to buy more.
Put forward【意味】 To propose or suggest an idea.
＜例＞ She put forward a compelling argument during the discussion.
Bring down【意味】 To lower or reduce something.
＜例＞ The company decided to bring down the prices to attract more customers.
Settle for【意味】 To accept something less satisfactory than what was wanted.
＜例＞ Although it wasn’t her dream job, she decided to settle for the current position.
Cut down on【意味】 To reduce the quantity or frequency of something.
＜例＞ I’m trying to cut down on sweets for a healthier lifestyle.
Go through【意味】 To experience or endure a difficult situation.
＜例＞ The family had to go through a challenging period of financial instability.
Hold back【意味】 To restrain or keep someone or something from advancing.
＜例＞ She had to hold back her tears during the emotional speech.
Turn down【意味】 To reject or refuse an offer or request.
＜例＞ Unfortunately, they had to turn down my job application.
Bring off【意味】 To successfully accomplish a difficult task.
＜例＞ Against all odds, they managed to bring off the challenging project.
Take up【意味】 To start or begin a new activity or hobby.
＜例＞ I decided to take up painting as a way to relax.
Go over【意味】 To review or examine in detail.
＜例＞ Let’s go over the important points before the exam.
Problem 1
A sign on a store’s door reads, “No shirt, no shoes, no service.” Tom enters the store without shoes. The store owner asks him to leave.
What conclusion can Tom draw from this situation?
A) The store owner is not polite.
B) Tom forgot to wear a shirt.
C) Tom is not allowed to enter the store.
D) Tom needs to wear shoes to enter the store.
Problem 2
In a math competition, the rules state that all participants must be in grade 9 or higher. Sarah, a grade 8 student, tried to enter the competition, but she was not allowed to participate.
What can Sarah deduce from this situation?
A) She is not good at math.
B) She didn’t want to participate.
C) She is in grade 9 or higher.
D) Grade 8 students are not allowed to participate.
Problem 3
The residents of a small town have been experiencing a series of mysterious thefts. The local detective, Sarah, has been investigating and has made the following observations:
Each theft occurred on a Friday night.
Each victim had posted their vacation plans on social media just before the theft.
The stolen items were always valuable electronics.
What conclusion can Sarah draw based on her observations?
A) The thief is a local resident.
B) The thief only targets people who post on social media.
C) The thief only steals on Fridays.
D) The thief is always after valuable electronics.
Problem 4
A teacher gives a challenging test to her students. She explains that passing the test requires both studying and understanding the material. John studied hard but did not pass the test. Sarah, on the other hand, passed the test without studying at all.
What conclusion can be drawn from the teacher’s statement?
A) John didn’t understand the material.
B) John didn’t study hard enough.
C) Sarah is smarter than John.
D) Studying is not necessary to pass the test.
Problem 5
A family is planning a vacation trip. The parents tell their children that they can go on the trip only if they finish their homework and clean their rooms. The children finished their homework, but their rooms are still messy.
What conclusion can the children draw from their parents’ condition?
A) The parents are unreasonable.
B) The parents are not going on the trip.
C) The children are not going on the trip.
D) Finishing homework is more important than cleaning the rooms.
Problem 6
A science fiction author has written a series of books featuring time travel. In each book, the protagonist uses a different method of time travel. The author has claimed that each method used in the books is theoretically possible.
What conclusion can be drawn from the author’s statement?
A) Time travel is real.
B) The author is a scientist.
C) The methods of time travel in the books are theoretically possible.
D) The protagonist in the books actually time-travels.
Problem 7
A restaurant has a sign that says, “Free dessert with any meal if you bring a friend.” Alice goes to the restaurant, orders a meal, and brings her friend Bob with her. However, the restaurant staff does not give her a free dessert.
What conclusion can Alice draw from the restaurant’s sign?
A) The restaurant only provides free desserts on certain days.
B) Alice and Bob are not friends.
C) The restaurant’s sign is misleading.
D) Alice didn’t order the right meal.
Answers
Problem1:D)Problem2:D)Problem3:D) Problem4:A) Problem 5:C) Problem 6:C)Problem 7:C)