次の文を読んで、以下の各問に答えなさい。Web of Deceit: Unveiling the Downside and Consequences of Internet Crimes on Younger Generations
In the age of information and connectivity, the いconsequences of globalization have found a new frontier: the internet. This is a story of how the ろdownside of our interconnected world has victimized the younger generations, drawing them into the perilous world of cybercrime.
Meet Alex, an intelligent and はambitious college student residing in a quiet suburban neighborhood. He was like any other young adult, juggling academics and にaspirations. Little did he know that the consequences of globalization would knock on his virtual door.
One evening, as he was surfing the web, Alex received an unsolicited message from an unknown sender. The message offered him an unbelievable opportunity: a large sum of money in exchange for contributing to a “special project.” Curiosity piqued, he consented to the conversation.
As Alex engaged further, it became clear that he was not alone. Hundreds of young minds like his were being approached with ほenticing offers. These young adults, often struggling with student loans and financial burdens, found it hard to resist the allure of quick cash. They were unwittingly becoming signatories to a sinister online convention.
The perpetrators behind these へschemes knew precisely how to demonstrate the appeal of their offers. They painted a picture of luxury and extravagance, promising a way out of financial troubles. とObligations were subtly twisted into opportunities, as they convinced their targets to assist in various cybercrimes, from phishing scams to hacking operations.
( イ ）, as Alex delved deeper, he began to realize the gravity of his situation. He had been drawn into a web of deceit that threatened not only his future but also his freedom. It was clear that these criminals operated （ ロ ）with sophistication, evading law enforcement agencies worldwide.
Desperate to retrieve his life and protect others from being victimized, Alex sought the help of cybersecurity experts and, eventually, law enforcement. Together, they embarked on a mission to designate the culprits responsible for preying on the vulnerabilities of younger generations.
The journey was （ ハ ） challenges and obstacles, but they found hope in an unexpected place: an independent judiciary that recognized the global nature of cybercrime. With their diligent efforts and the support of diplomatic pressure, they began to dismantle the criminal network piece by piece.
As the story unfolded, it became clear that the consequences of globalization had taken a sinister turn, affecting not just economies but also the lives of young individuals. Internet crimes were becoming increasingly sophisticated, exploiting the innocence and vulnerabilities of the digital natives.
Another example of cyber case is
Meet Lily, a 16-year-old high school student who was an active user of social media platforms. One day, she received a friend request from a seemingly genuine account of a girl her age named Emily. Emily and Lily quickly became online friends, chatting regularly about their interests and daily lives.
Over time, Emily gained Lily’s trust and confided in her about financial struggles in her family. She claimed to have discovered a way to make quick money by investing in a cryptocurrency scheme. Emily demonstrated fake screenshots of substantial earnings, showcasing the upside of joining this so-called “investment group.”
Innocently, Lily decided to invest a significant portion of her savings into the scheme, believing she was helping a friend in need. She consented to transfer her money to a cryptocurrency wallet provided by Emily. However, as soon as the funds were transferred, Emily’s account disappeared from the social media platform.
Lily was devastated to discover that she had been victimized by a cybercriminal who had posed as a friend. She had lost a substantial sum of money and had no way to retrieve it. This case highlights how youngsters can be lured into cybercrimes through social engineering tactics, preying on their trust and empathy.
“Web of Deceit” is a cautionary tale that underscores the importance of online vigilance and the need for global cooperation in combating cybercrime. It serves as a stark reminder that while the internet has connected the world in unprecedented ways, it has also exposed younger generations to a new set of risks and challenges.
問1 下線部の意味に近いものを選びなさい。
い
1.revelation 2.outcome 3.millennium 4.warrant
ろ
1.threat 2.velocity 3.resolution 4.drawback
は
1.cryptic 2.explicit 3.plain 4.innate
に
1.procedure 2.intelligence 3.ambition 4.indifference
ほ
1.alluring 2.hideous 3.compulsory 4.conceited
へ
1.coalition 2.coincidence 3.congestion 4.conspiracy
と
1.cohesion 2.freedom 3.requirement 4.compliance
問2（ ）に入る語句を選びなさい。
イ
1.despite 2.although 3.nonetheless 4.but
ロ
1.with sophistication 2.with ease 3.with distrust 4.with cyberagents
ハ
1.satisfied with 2. eager to filled with 4.complied with
問３ 本文の内容と沿うものを選びなさい。
1. What is the main theme of the article “Web of Deceit”?
A) The benefits of globalization
B) The consequences of internet crimes on younger generations
C) The history of cybercrime
D) The role of social media in modern society
2.Who is Alex in the article?
A) An experienced cybersecurity expert
B) A young college student
C) The leader of a cybercriminal group
D) A law enforcement officer
3.How did Alex initially become involved in cybercrime?
A) He willingly joined a cybercriminal group.
B) He received unsolicited messages from cybercriminals.
C) He was tricked by online scammers.
D) He was seeking quick cash through illegal means.
4.What kind of offers were young adults like Alex receiving in the article?
A) Job offers from legitimate companies
B) Opportunities to contribute to special projects
C) Scholarships for their academic achievements
D) Travel packages to luxurious destinations
5.What was the common vulnerability that cybercriminals exploited in the article?
A) Lack of computer skills
B) Innocence and financial struggles
C) Trust in law enforcement agencies
D) Inability to access the internet
6.How did Alex eventually respond to his situation in the article?
A) He joined the cybercriminal network.
B) He sought help from cybersecurity experts and law enforcement.
C) He continued engaging with cybercriminals.
D) He attempted to carry out hacking operations.
7.What was the turning point in Alex’s journey, as mentioned in the article?
A) He successfully carried out a phishing scam.
B) He decided to become a cybercrime kingpin.
C) He recognized the gravity of his situation and sought help.
D) He escaped from law enforcement agencies.
8.What is the main lesson or message conveyed by the article?
A) The benefits of globalization far outweigh the drawbacks.
B) Younger generations are immune to the risks of cybercrime.
C) Online vigilance and global cooperation are crucial in combating cybercrime.
D) The internet has made the world a safer place for young individuals.
9.Who is Lily in the article?
A) A cybersecurity expert
B) A high school student
C) A social media influencer
D) A cryptocurrency investor
10.How did Lily become a victim of cybercrime in the article?
A) She willingly invested in a cryptocurrency scheme.
B) She was targeted by law enforcement agencies.
C) She was deceived by a fake social media account.
D) She joined an independent judiciary group.
問4（英作文がある受験者のみ）
Explore the role of education and awareness programs in equipping younger generations with the knowledge and skills to protect themselves from cybercrime. Discuss the importance of integrating cybersecurity into school curricula and promoting responsible online behavior. Provide examples of successful initiatives and their impact on reducing vulnerabilities. Your essay is no fewer than 300 words.
文章を理解し、主要なアイデアやテーマを把握する能力を養うために役立ちます。文章の主要なアイデアを把握することは、情報を整理し、要点を把握するスキルを向上させるうえで重要です。また、論理的思考や文章内の重要な情報を選別する力も養われます。解く際には、与えられた文章を注意深く読み、文章全体の内容を把握すると同時に、選択肢の中から最も文章に合った主要なアイデアを見つける必要があります。選択肢の中には文章の一部分や詳細な情報が含まれているものもあるかもしれませんが、問題は文章全体の主要なテーマを尋ねています。選択肢を比較し、最も包括的で文章全体を代表するものを選ぶことが求められます。この能力は、各種受験問題とくに大学共通テストやビジネスさまざまな場面で役立ちます。読解力を高め、大量の情報から肝心な点を抽出する能力を磨くことで、効率的な情報処理が可能となります。また、論文やレポートの要約、会議の議事録作成などで、主要なアイデアを正確に捉えるスキルが重要となります。
Question1: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
Throughout the 20th century, the world witnessed significant advancements in technology, communication, and transportation. These innovations transformed the way people lived and worked. However, they also brought about new challenges and dilemmas. While technology connected people across the globe, it also raised concerns about privacy and cybersecurity. Moreover, improved transportation systems facilitated global trade and travel but also contributed to environmental issues. Despite these complexities, the rapid pace of change and innovation defined the century.”
A) The 20th century was marked by technological advancements and their impact on society.
B) Improved transportation systems had a negative impact on the environment.
C) The challenges of the 20th century were primarily related to global trade.
D) Privacy and cybersecurity concerns were the only negative consequences of technological advancements.
Question2: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
Japan, an island nation in East Asia, boasts a rich cultural heritage and a unique blend of tradition and modernity. With a history spanning thousands of years, Japan has cultivated a deep reverence for nature, which is reflected in its art, literature, and spirituality. Additionally, Japan is renowned for its technological innovations and contributions to the global economy. Today, it remains a global leader in areas such as robotics, automotive manufacturing, and consumer electronics. This juxtaposition of ancient traditions and cutting-edge technology defines Japan’s identity on the world stage.”
A) Japan’s cultural heritage is primarily focused on modern technology.
B) Japan’s history and culture are characterized by a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.
C) Japan’s technological innovations have overshadowed its reverence for nature.
D) Japan’s spirituality is rooted in its contributions to the global economy.
Question3: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
In the realm of contemporary literature, postmodernism stands as a complex and multifaceted movement. Characterized by its rejection of grand narratives, postmodern literature challenges traditional notions of authorship, reality, and truth. It often employs fragmented narratives, intertextuality, and metafiction as narrative devices, creating a sense of ambiguity and self-awareness within the text. Authors like Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino are celebrated for their contributions to the postmodern literary canon, pushing the boundaries of storytelling and intellectual exploration. In a world increasingly marked by uncertainty and the blurring of boundaries, postmodern literature reflects the zeitgeist of the 20th and 21st centuries.”
A) The rejection of traditional narratives
B) The celebration of grand narratives
C) The embrace of clear authorship
D) The adherence to conventional storytelling techniques
Question4: What is the main idea of the paragraph?
As Japan navigates the challenges of the 21st century, its future economic prospects and welfare policies are under scrutiny. The nation, known for its strong work ethic and technological innovation, faces demographic hurdles with an aging population and declining birth rates. This demographic shift places a strain on the social welfare system and raises questions about sustainability. To counter these challenges, Japan is increasingly focusing on AI and automation to boost productivity and create a more efficient workforce. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on social reforms to provide a safety net for the elderly and address issues related to healthcare and pension systems. As Japan strives to balance tradition with progress, the path it chooses will have a significant impact on its future.”
A) Japan’s demographic challenges are insurmountable and will lead to economic decline.
B) Japan is addressing its demographic challenges by investing in AI and automation to enhance productivity.
C) Japan’s strong work ethic is sufficient to overcome its demographic challenges without the need for reforms.
D) Japan’s future economic prospects are solely dependent on its technological innovations.
A: I had dinner at Yumi’s house yesterday.
B: What did you have?
A: We had fish and rice and we ( ) green tea.
B： Did you like（ ）?
A： Yes, I did. I ate everything.
B: Did you use chopsticks?
A： No. I didn’t eat ( ) chopsticks. I used a knife.
Emma is sick, and she is in hospital. She is sitting on her bed. She is laughing. Is she watching TV? No, she isn’t. The hospital clowns ➀( ) her. Life in hospital is not fun. The children are away from their families, so they are sometimes lonely. Their family members ③（ ）, too. They worry a lot.
Now, many hospital clowns ②（ ） hospitals around the world. They bring fun and laughter to sick children and their families. ④Laughter is the best medicine.
次の文章を読み問題に答えなさい。
Your uncle keeps many sheep. （ ① ）
About sixty. He also has four horses.
Mongolian sheep keeper don’t live in one place. They move around the plain.
Wow!( ② ).
Yes, it is. But some Mongolian things are （ ③ ）Japanese things. Mongolian wrestling is ( ④ ) Japanese sumo. In Japan we can meet many Mongolian sumo wrestlers.
（ ⑤ ）?
Over Thirty. Sumo is also popular in Mongolia.
英作文
「it」という短い単語は、非常に多目的な役割を果たします。文脈によって、文の構造を整えたり形式的な主語、目的語、そして代名詞として機能します。正確な理解が必要で、誤った理解は文の意味を歪める可能性があります。例えば、「It was a beautiful day.」では、「it」は単なる文の始まりの役割を果たし、具体的な名詞を指していません。しかし、「I couldn’t find my wallet, but it was on the kitchen table.」では、「it」は「my wallet」を指しています。したがって、文を正確に理解し、効果的に英文を理解するために、「it」の多様な使用法を理解することは非常に重要です。
次の”it”はどのような役割を果たしているのか説明しなさい。
文章1:
イIt was a long journey, and ロit felt like we had been driving for hours. Finally, we reached our destination. As we unpacked our bags, I realized that ハit was my camera that I had forgotten. I couldn’t believe ニit. We were about to explore one of the most beautiful places, and I didn’t have ホit with me.
文章 2:
The clock struck midnight, and イit marked the beginning of a new year. ロIt‘s a time when people often reflect on the past and make resolutions for the future. For me, ハit‘s a chance to start fresh and make the most of the time ahead. ニIt‘s an opportunity to pursue my dreams and achieve what I’ve always wanted.
文章3:
The performance was incredible. The dancers moved with such grace and precision that イit left the audience in awe. ロIt was clear that they had practiced for countless hours to perfect their routine. The standing ovation they received at the end of the show was well-deserved. ハIt was a night to remember.
文章4:
I found an old book in the attic, and イit brought back memories of my childhood. I used to read ロit every night before bed. ハIt was my favorite story, and I could never get enough of ニit. Now, as an adult, I can appreciate ホit even more, understanding the deeper themes へit explores.
文章:5
イIt was a dark and stormy night, and as I walked through the woods, ロit felt like I was in a horror movie. ハIt was so eerie that I couldn’t help but feel a shiver run down my spine. I reached for my flashlight, but ニit wasn’t in my bag. I must have forgotten ホit at home. As I continued to walk, the rustling of leaves made me nervous, and I wished I had ヘit with me. Suddenly, I heard a strange noise, and トit seemed to be coming from behind the trees. I couldn’t see anything in the darkness, and チit felt like リit was closing in on me. Fear took hold, and I knew I had to find a way out. ヌIt was a night I would never forget.
文章を理解し、主要なアイデアやテーマを把握する能力を養うために役立ちます。文章の主要なアイデアを把握することは、情報を整理し、要点を把握するスキルを向上させるうえで重要です。また、論理的思考や文章内の重要な情報を選別する力も養われます。
解く際には、与えられた文章を注意深く読み、文章全体の内容を把握すると同時に、選択肢の中から最も文章に合った主要なアイデアを見つける必要があります。選択肢の中には文章の一部分や詳細な情報が含まれているものもあるかもしれませんが、問題は文章全体の主要なテーマを尋ねています。選択肢を比較し、最も包括的で文章全体を代表するものを選ぶことが求められます。
この能力は、各種受験問題とくに大学共通テストやビジネスさまざまな場面で役立ちます。読解力を高め、大量の情報から肝心な点を抽出する能力を磨くことで、効率的な情報処理が可能となります。また、論文やレポートの要約、会議の議事録作成などで、主要なアイデアを正確に捉えるスキルが重要となります。
Problem 1: The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a big change in how things were made. It happened over 200 years ago and really affected how people lived and worked. Before, things were made by hand in homes or small workshops. During the Industrial Revolution, factories were built and machines were used to make a lot of things.
Question: What was the main impact of the Industrial Revolution?
A) It made homes and workshops more popular for making things.
B) It introduced new handcrafted techniques.
C) It changed the way people lived and worked.
D) It made factories and machines unnecessary.
Problem 2: Cherry Blossoms in Japan
In Japan, cherry blossoms are famous for blooming in spring, around March or April. These blossoms represent how beautiful and delicate life is. They only stay on trees for a few weeks before falling. Many people in Japan celebrate by having picnics under the cherry blossom trees with friends and family. This tradition is called “hanami,” which means “flower viewing.”
Question: Why do cherry blossoms hold special meaning in Japan?
A) They bring good luck for the whole year.
B) They represent the strength of trees.
C) They symbolize the beauty and fragility of life.
D) They mark the start of winter.
Problem 3: The Amazing Human Brain
Our brain controls everything we do. It’s made up of billions of nerve cells, called neurons, that talk to each other with electricity and chemicals. Different parts of the brain do different jobs, like memory, language, emotions, seeing, and moving. The brain can also learn new things and change based on experiences.
Question: What makes the human brain remarkable?
A) Its ability to talk to trees and animals.
B) Its power to control other organs.
C) Its capability to change and learn from experiences.
D) Its capacity to create new cells daily.
Problem 4: Social Media and Us
We all use social media to connect with friends, share thoughts, and have fun. But too much of it can make us feel not so good. Studies show that using social media a lot can lead to feeling anxious, sad, lonely, and not sleeping well. So, it’s important to use it wisely and also do other things that make us happy.
Question: What is one downside of using social media too much?
A) It helps us sleep better at night.
B) It improves our face-to-face communication skills.
C) It can make us feel anxious and sad.
D) It only affects adults, not teenagers.
Problem 5: Going to the Moon
People have been thinking about living on the Moon for a long time. With new space technology, scientists are thinking about sending humans there. This has some challenges, like radiation and not having enough stuff. But some people think it’s a good idea because we can learn new things, maybe go to Mars later, and have another place for people to live.
Question: Why are scientists considering sending humans to the Moon?
A) To find out if the Moon is made of cheese.
B) To enjoy picnics on the Moon’s surface.
C) To create challenges for astronauts.
D) To learn new things and prepare for possible trips to Mars.
Problem 1: C)
Problem 2: C)
Problem 3: C)
Problem 4: C)
Problem 5: D)
文章を理解し、主要なアイデアやテーマを把握する能力を養うために役立ちます。文章の主要なアイデアを把握することは、情報を整理し、要点を把握するスキルを向上させるうえで重要です。また、論理的思考や文章内の重要な情報を選別する力も養われます。
解く際には、与えられた文章を注意深く読み、文章全体の内容を把握すると同時に、選択肢の中から最も文章に合った主要なアイデアを見つける必要があります。選択肢の中には文章の一部分や詳細な情報が含まれているものもあるかもしれませんが、問題は文章全体の主要なテーマを尋ねています。選択肢を比較し、最も包括的で文章全体を代表するものを選ぶことが求められます。
この能力は、各種受験問題とくに大学共通テストやビジネスさまざまな場面で役立ちます。読解力を高め、大量の情報から肝心な点を抽出する能力を磨くことで、効率的な情報処理が可能となります。また、論文やレポートの要約、会議の議事録作成などで、主要なアイデアを正確に捉えるスキルが重要となります。
Problem1. The Industrial Revolution was a period of major changes in the way products are made. It took place more than 200 years ago and greatly affected the way people lived as well as the way they worked. In earlier days, people made products by hand. They worked mostly in their own homes or in small workshops. During the Industrial Revolution, many factories were built. Workers used machines to mass-produce goods.
A) The Industrial Revolution changed the way people lived and worked.
B) The Industrial Revolution was a period of mass production of goods.
C) The Industrial Revolution took place more than 200 years ago.
D) The Industrial Revolution replaced hand-made products with machines.
Problem2. Japan is famous for its cherry blossoms, which bloom in late March or early April. The cherry blossoms, or sakura, symbolize the beauty and fragility of life. They last for only a few weeks before they fall from the trees. Many people in Japan celebrate the cherry blossom season by having picnics under the trees with their friends and family. This tradition is called hanami, which means “flower viewing”.
A) Japan is famous for its cherry blossoms, which bloom in late March or early April.
B) The cherry blossoms, or sakura, symbolize the beauty and fragility of life.
C) Many people in Japan celebrate the cherry blossom season by having picnics under the trees with their friends and family.
D) The paragraph describes the cherry blossom season and its significance in Japan.
Problem3. The human brain is a remarkable organ that controls all the functions of the body. It is composed of billions of nerve cells, or neurons, that communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. The brain has different regions that are responsible for different tasks, such as memory, language, emotion, vision, and movement. The brain is also plastic, which means it can change and adapt to new experiences and learning.
A) The human brain is composed of billions of nerve cells that communicate with each other.
B) The human brain has different regions that are responsible for different tasks.
C) The human brain is plastic and can change and adapt to new experiences and learning.
D) The human brain is a remarkable organ that controls all the functions of the body and has various features.
Problem4. Social media has become a ubiquitous part of our lives. We use it to connect with friends and family, to share our opinions and interests, to get news and information, and to entertain ourselves. However, social media also has some negative effects on our mental health and well-being. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to anxiety, depression, loneliness, low self-esteem, and poor sleep quality. Therefore, it is important to use social media wisely and moderately, and to balance it with other activities that enrich our lives.
A) To inform the readers about the benefits and drawbacks of social media.
B) To persuade the readers to use social media less and do other activities more.
C) To entertain the readers with stories and anecdotes about social media.
D) To compare and contrast different types of social media platforms and their features.
Problem5. Lunar colonization has been a topic of interest for many years. With advancements in space exploration technology, scientists and researchers are considering the possibility of establishing a human presence on the Moon. This endeavor poses numerous challenges, including radiation exposure, resource limitations, and long-duration space travel. However, proponents of lunar colonization believe that it could lead to scientific discoveries, serve as a stepping stone for future Mars missions, and even act as a potential backup location for humanity.
A) Lunar colonization’s challenges and potential drawbacks.
B) The role of the Moon as a stepping stone for Mars missions.
C) The scientific discoveries possible through lunar colonization.
D) Advancements in space exploration technology and human presence on the Moon.
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B
| precious | linguistic | ||
| fundamental | physical | ||
| vital | neutral | ||
| superior | latter | ||
| junior | cruel | ||
| elder | violent | ||
| steady | primary | ||
| stable | overwhelming | ||
| inevitable | inclined | ||
| equivalent | dull | ||
| loose | calm | ||
| casual | artificial | ||
| plain | abstract | ||
| vague | splendid | ||
| gradual | eccentric | ||
| generous | feasible | ||
| innocent | visible | ||
| severe | numerous | ||
| strict | mere | ||
| ashamed | flat | ||
| frequent | rough | ||
| internal | brief | ||
| sufficient | concrete | ||
| broad | sensible | ||
| spiritual | reasonable |
関係代名詞を含む少し難しい文章です。英訳しましょう。
関係代名詞（Relative Pronouns）は、主に文中で名詞とその関連情報を結びつける役割を果たす単語です。英語の関係代名詞には以下のものがあります：「who」「whom」「whose」「which」「that」などがあります。
簡単に言うと、関係代名詞は形容詞です。名詞を後方から修飾します。
考え方としては、例えば
“The person who is speaking English is my brother.”
the personの後にwho（関代）があるわけですから、the personを読んだ後に「何するthe personなの？」と頭に思い描くのです。who is speaking English (英語を話している）→ 英語を話ししている人となるのです。
ただの人から、英語を話している人になりましたね。
who以外の関係代名詞も同じです。
whom
こちらも人を指す関係代名詞で、フォーマルな文体でよく使われます。ただし、日常会話ではあまり使われません。
例: “The professor whom I admire is giving a lecture.”（私が尊敬する教授が講義をしています。）
Whose:
所有を示す関係代名詞です。所有者を示す名詞の前に置かれます。
例: “The book whose cover is red is mine.”（表紙が赤い本は私のものです。）
Which:
物や動物を指す関係代名詞です。主に非制限性節（先行詞に特定の制限を加えず、追加情報を提供する節）で使用されます。
例: “The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my friend.”（外に駐車している車は友達のものです。）
That:
人や物を指す関係代名詞で、最も一般的に使われるものです。制限性節で使用されることが多いです。
例: “The movie that we watched last night was fantastic.”（昨夜見た映画は素晴らしかったです。）
これらの関係代名詞は、先行詞（関係代名詞が指す名詞）と関係節（関係代名詞を含む節）を結びつける役割を果たします。関係節は、先行詞に関する追加情報を提供し、文の内容を詳細に説明するのに役立ちます。関係代名詞は文法的に重要で、複雑な情報をわかりやすく伝える手助けをしてくれます。
“each” and “every”どちらか選びなさい。
1.an,the2.a,the3.the,4.an5.the,6.A,7.the,8.the,a9.a,the10.a11.the12.the13.the,the14.the,the15.the,the16.the17.the,the18.the,the19.the,the20.the,the
1.every2.each3.every4.each5.every6.Each7.every8.Each9.every10.every11.each12.Every,every13.Every14.each15.each16.each17.each18.every.each19.each20.Each