Read the passage and answer the questions below
Kyoto, a city in Japan, is famous for its old buildings and history. It used to be the capital of Japan for a long time.
There are many temples and shrines in Kyoto, like the Golden Pavilion, which is covered in gold.
Additionally, the Fushimi Inari Shrine, famous for its thousands of vermillion torii gates stretching along a forested mountain trail, is a sight to behold.
In Kyoto, people still do old traditions like tea ceremonies and flower arranging, but they also have modern things.
You can explore the city, join festivals, and eat delicious food like Kyoto-style dinners.
Many people love visiting Kyoto because it’s a mix of old and new things.
Exercise
1.Evaluate the impact of traditional arts such as the tea ceremony and ikebana on Kyoto’s contemporary cultural landscape, considering their role in preserving tradition while embracing modernity.
2.Analyze the significance of Kyoto’s historical background as the former imperial capital of Japan and its influence on the city’s cultural heritage.
次の空欄に、anything but または nothing but のいずれかを正しく入れなさい。
1. After the intense workout, I wanted __________ a refreshing drink to quench my thirst.
2. The room was filled with __________ laughter and joy as friends celebrated the happy occasion.
3. She claimed to be an expert, but her presentation offered __________ a string of clichés and generalizations.
4. Despite the chef’s reputation, the meal was __________ a culinary masterpiece.
5. The detective found __________ a few scattered clues at the crime scene.
6. The professor’s lecture was __________ a tedious recitation of facts, with no engaging discussion or analysis.
7. When asked about the missing keys, she could remember __________.
8. The art gallery displayed __________ breathtaking paintings from various renowned artists.
9. The challenge was difficult, and the contestants gave it their all, but the results were __________ disappointment.
10. I searched the entire house and found __________ that resembled the missing book.
文の中に適切な語を選んでください。
11. She was an experienced hiker, __________ she confidently navigated through the rugged mountain trails.
a. moreover
b. suddenly
c. despite
d. always
12. The concert, __________ featured a variety of musical genres, drew a diverse audience.
a. who
b. which
c. because
d. quickly
13. She insisted on paying for dinner, ____________ I had already offered to cover the bill.
a. although
b. despite
c. even if
d. even so
14. After the heavy rain, __________ flooding the streets, the city implemented better drainage systems.
a. and
b. therefore
c. completely
d. when
15. The old library, __________ housed a vast collection of rare books, was a treasure trove for researchers.
a. but
b. where
c. so
d. which
括弧に日本文を読み適切な英単語を入れなさい。
1.多くの独特で貴重な場所のいくつかは世界遺産として選出されます。
Some of the ( ) and ( ) places are ( ) ( ) World Heritage sites.
2.選出基準はユネスコの一般会議で決められました。
The selection standards ( ) ( ) at the UNESCO General Conference.
3.それらは世界自然遺産で登録されていますか？
( ) they ( ) ( ) a world heritage site.
4.その山々は、ユーカリの葉から油性のミストのせいで、青く見えます。
The mountains look blue ( ) ( ) an oily mist from the Eucalyptus leaves.
5.その自然美は保存されています。
The natural ( ) is ( ).
6. ベニスは水の都市と呼ばれています。
( ) ( ) ( ) the City ( ) ( ).
7.その都市は最も人気のある世界遺産の一つです。
The city is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) World Heritage sites.
8. ベニスの多くの島々は運河と橋によって繋がれています。
Venice’s many islands ( ) ( ) by canals and bridges.
9. ベニスは魅力的ですが、多くの問題を抱えています。
Venice is ( ), but it has ( ) ( ).
10.多くの観光船波を作ります。 そして土壌がその波によって損傷します。
Many ( ) ships ( ) ( ), and the ground ( ) ( ) by the waves.
11.富士山は多くの人々に創造的な着想を与えます。
Mr.Fuji ( ) many people ( ).
次の各組の文がほぼ同じになるようにしなさい。
1.I was late for school because there was an car accident.
I was late for school ( ) ( ) an car accident.
2. Can we see pandas in Japan?
( ) pandas ( ) ( ) in Japan?
次の文を、能動態を受動態に書き換えなさい。
1.Did your brother make this model plane?
2.Why did she invite you to dinner?
3.They don’t sell stamps at the store.
4.Who wrote this letter? (who で始めて)
以下の日本語を英語にしなさい。
Problem 1
A sign on a store’s door reads, “No shirt, no shoes, no service.” Tom enters the store without shoes. The store owner asks him to leave.
What conclusion can Tom draw from this situation?
A) The store owner is not polite.
B) Tom forgot to wear a shirt.
C) Tom is not allowed to enter the store.
D) Tom needs to wear shoes to enter the store.
Problem 2
In a math competition, the rules state that all participants must be in grade 9 or higher. Sarah, a grade 8 student, tried to enter the competition, but she was not allowed to participate.
What can Sarah deduce from this situation?
A) She is not good at math.
B) She didn’t want to participate.
C) She is in grade 9 or higher.
D) Grade 8 students are not allowed to participate.
Problem 3
The residents of a small town have been experiencing a series of mysterious thefts. The local detective, Sarah, has been investigating and has made the following observations:
Each theft occurred on a Friday night.
Each victim had posted their vacation plans on social media just before the theft.
The stolen items were always valuable electronics.
What conclusion can Sarah draw based on her observations?
A) The thief is a local resident.
B) The thief only targets people who post on social media.
C) The thief only steals on Fridays.
D) The thief is always after valuable electronics.
Problem 4
A teacher gives a challenging test to her students. She explains that passing the test requires both studying and understanding the material. John studied hard but did not pass the test. Sarah, on the other hand, passed the test without studying at all.
What conclusion can be drawn from the teacher’s statement?
A) John didn’t understand the material.
B) John didn’t study hard enough.
C) Sarah is smarter than John.
D) Studying is not necessary to pass the test.
Problem 5
A family is planning a vacation trip. The parents tell their children that they can go on the trip only if they finish their homework and clean their rooms. The children finished their homework, but their rooms are still messy.
What conclusion can the children draw from their parents’ condition?
A) The parents are unreasonable.
B) The parents are not going on the trip.
C) The children are not going on the trip.
D) Finishing homework is more important than cleaning the rooms.
Problem 6
A science fiction author has written a series of books featuring time travel. In each book, the protagonist uses a different method of time travel. The author has claimed that each method used in the books is theoretically possible.
What conclusion can be drawn from the author’s statement?
A) Time travel is real.
B) The author is a scientist.
C) The methods of time travel in the books are theoretically possible.
D) The protagonist in the books actually time-travels.
Problem 7
A restaurant has a sign that says, “Free dessert with any meal if you bring a friend.” Alice goes to the restaurant, orders a meal, and brings her friend Bob with her. However, the restaurant staff does not give her a free dessert.
What conclusion can Alice draw from the restaurant’s sign?
A) The restaurant only provides free desserts on certain days.
B) Alice and Bob are not friends.
C) The restaurant’s sign is misleading.
D) Alice didn’t order the right meal.
Answers
Problem1:D)Problem2:D)Problem3:D) Problem4:A) Problem 5:C) Problem 6:C)Problem 7:C)
単語やフレーズの意味を判断する際には、その文脈に注意を払うことが大切です。言葉は使用される場所や方法によって、異なる意味を持つことがあります。
分からなくて、間違えて意気消沈してしまう生徒もいますが、それらを成長と向上の機会として受け入れてください。
前向きな態度を持ち、やる気を保ち、頑張ったら自分を褒めてあげてください。
次の単語の同義語は？ ”vivid”
a) Bright
b) Dull
c) Hazy
d) Drab
イディオム「break a leg」とはどういう意味ですか?
a) Literally breaking a leg
b) Wishing good luck
c) Encouraging someone to take risks
d) Offering help
文中の「bark」という単語の適切な意味を選択しなさい。
“The dog’s bark was loud.”
a) A tree’s outer covering
b) The sound a dog makes
c) A type of boat
d) To complain
類推を完成させなさい。 Bird is to feather as cat is to __＿＿__.
a) Fur
b) Meow
c) Purr
d) Bark
Choose the sentence in which the idiom “break the ice” is used correctly
a) She tried to break the ice by bringing up a controversial topic.
b) The teacher asked the students to break the ice and turn off the air conditioning.
c) At the party, he tried to break the ice by playing his guitar.
Which sentence correctly uses both the idioms “hit the hay” and “burn the midnight oil”?
a) After burning the midnight oil, she hit the hay early.
b) He hit the hay early so that he could burn the midnight oil.
c) She was burning the midnight oil and hit the hay late.
「花」の同音異義語はどの単語ですか?
a) Flour
b) Flare
c) Floor
d) Flea
What is the meaning of the word “ephemeral”?
a) Lasting for a very short time
b) Something that is hard to understand
c) A type of tropical fruit
d) A large body of water
What does the word “ubiquitous” mean?
a) Unusual or rare
b) Present, appearing, or found everywhere
c) Insignificant or trivial
d) Temporary or fleeting
Choose the word that is a synonym for “meticulous”
a) Careless
b) Precise
c) Generous
d) Disorganized
“opaque”の反意語である単語を選らびなさい。
a) Clear
b) Dark
c) Thick
d) Dull
次の文の中で出てくる単語 ”composed”の意味をそれぞれ答えなさい。
As the orchestra members gathered on the stage, they were amazed by the beautifully composed music in front of them. The audience would soon be delighted by the intricate composition that would fill the concert hall.
Amid the excitement of the performance, the conductor noticed that one of the violinists appeared a bit nervous, her hands trembling as she prepared to play a solo. With a reassuring smile, the conductor whispered, “Stay calm and composed, just as the music is. You’ve practiced this piece tirelessly, and you have the talent to perform it flawlessly.” The violinist took a deep breath, regained her composure, and began to play with a serene and collected demeanor, as if the music had a calming influence on her.
現在完了形は、多くの学習者にとって理解が難しいことがありますが、非常に重要な文法概念です。
過去と現在の関係を表現: 現在完了形は、過去の出来事が現在の状況や状態にどのように影響を与えるかを示すのに役立ちます。例えば、”I have studied English for five years”という文では、過去から現在までの期間にわたって英語を勉強していることが強調されています。
経験と成果を強調: 現在完了形は、過去の経験や行動が現在の状態や結果にどのように繋がるかを表現するのに役立ちます。例えば、”I have visited Paris”という文は、過去にパリを訪れたことがあるという経験を強調します。
連続性と進行: 現在完了形は、過去から現在までの連続性や進行を示すのにも使用されます。例えば、”I have been to the gym three times this week”という文では、今週の進行中の行動を示しています。
完了: 現在完了形は、行動の完了を表現するのにも使用されます。例えば、”She has not finished her homework yet”という文では、宿題がまだ終わっていないことを示しています。
現在完了は日常会話や文章で一般的: 現在完了形は、日常の会話や文章で広く使用されており、正確に理解し、使えることはコミュニケーション力の向上に役立ちます。
正しいのを選びなさい。
I ____ (never / see) a shooting star before.
She ____ (just / finish) her homework.
We ____ (live) in this city for ten years.
My brother ____ (be) to the U.S. twice.
He ____ (not / decide) his future job yet.
I have ____ been to Disneyland. (already / yet / never)
They have ____ eaten lunch. (just / ever / never)
____ you ever met a famous person? (Did / Have / Are)
She hasn’t finished her project ____. (yet / just / already)
We have ____ visited that museum before. (ever / already / yet)
正しいのを選びなさい。
入れ替えなさい。
1.私は初めて日本の音楽を聴いたときからずっと好きです。
( heard, I, time, since, I, first, loved, have, for, the music, Japanese, it ) .
2.ジュディは先月から英語を勉強しています。
Judy ( last, has, since, studied, Japanese, ) last month.
次の文を支持に従って、構文しなさい。
（１）Shunsuke has played soccer for 14 years. （下線部を尋ねる疑問文に）
（２）Many people love these songs. (these songs を 主語にして受け身の文に)
（３）He wants a cat. （since last monthをつけて現在完了形の文に）
（４）Your room is cleaned every day. (疑問文に)
（５）My father gave me this pen. (下線部を主語に)
（６）This painting was painted in 1810. (下線部を尋ねる疑問文に)
以下の文を一文にしなさい。
I began to have two cats a year ago, and I have the cats now.
番号の情報を基に英訳しなさい。
| 名前 | 何を | どのくらい | |
| １ | Misa | バレーボールをしている | 去年から |
| 2 | Mr.William | 日本に住んでいる | 25歳の時から |
| 3 | Saki | 2匹の犬を飼っている | 3年間 |
日本語を英語に直す問題（それぞれ文章の特徴を理解して解きなさい）
私は一度も海外に行ったことがありません。
私たちはまだ宿題を終えていません。
彼はすでに宿題を終えました。
あなたは今までに外国に行ったことがありますか？
彼女はその映画を何回も見たことがあります。
昨日、私は図書館に行きました。
私はちょうど昼食を食べ終えたところです。
彼はその映画を3回見たことがあります。
彼は2019年に日本に来ました。
彼女は10年間ずっとこの学校で英語を教えています。
先週、私たちはテニスをしました。
彼は2年前にその会社で働いていました。
私は毎日7時に起きます。
太陽は東から昇ります。
彼は毎週日曜日にサッカーをします。
この本はとても面白いです。
彼女はピアノを弾くのが得意です。
彼女は昨夜、映画を見ました。
彼女はちょうど学校を出たところです。
私たちは3年間ずっと友達です。
正しい文を一つ選びなさい。
A) She bought a blue beautiful dress.
B) They live in a small yellow old house.
C) He has a big brown leather bag.
D) It’s an old wooden round table.
正しくない分を一つ選びなさい。
A) He wanted to visit Paris, she to go to Rome
B) The restaurant serves Italian dishes, and the café, French pastries
C) His new car is silver; hers, blue.
D) In winter, I enjoy skiing; in summer, swimming.
答え
D)
D)
C)
C)
A)
以下の問いに答えなさい。
problem1
Clear the desk ( ) all the books and pens.
A. of B. with C which D.for
problem2
This smartphone is the better ( ) the two.
A. of B. with C which D.for
problem3
6歳を含むのか選べ
Half price for children under six.
A. 含む B. 含まない
problem4
I was born ( ) March 20, 2005.
A. in, B. at C with D.on
problem5
I like both of ( )
A. books, B. a book C the books D.book
problem6
We strongly insist that you ( ) interfere in this matter.
A.should B.not C. don’t D.can
problem7
No sooner ( ) he arrived in Okinawa, he felt breeze of ocean.
A.had B.have C. did D.that
problem8
( ) is often the case with Susan, she arrives early and starts preparing for the meeting.
A.what B.which C. none D.as
problem9 この文が何を表しているのか答えなさい。
Hope is to the spirit what a beacon is to a lost ship.
problem10
There is more water than ( ) needed.
A.is B.you C. have D.both
以下の日本語を英語にしなさい。
次の各組の文がほぼ同じになるようにしなさい。
1.My brother is a good tennis player.
My brother ( ) tennis ( ).
2.She was our music teacher.
She ( ) ( ) music.
3.This large house is mine.
This large house ( ) ( ) me.
4.It was possible for me to finish reading the book in a day.
I ( ) ( ) reading the book in a day.
5.This building is thirty years old.
This building ( ) ( ) thirty years ago.
6. I wasn’t introduced to her by Mike.
Mike ( ) introduce ( ) to her.
7.What is the name of that bird?
What ( ) you ( ) that bird?
8.I was late for school because of an accident.
An accident ( ) ( ) ( ) for school.
9. Can we see pandas in Japan?
( ) pandas ( ) ( ) in Japan?
10. It is an hour’s drive to the city.
It ( ) an hour ( ) ( ) to the city by car.
次の文を、能動態は受動態に、受動態は能動態に書き換えなさい。
He wrote these reports last year.
What language is used in Canada?
Did your brother make this model plane?
Why did she invite you to dinner?
The door was shut by the man.
They don’t sell stamps at the store.
Will this sing be sung by her?
Who wrote this letter? (who で始めて)
次の文を読んで、以下の各問に答えなさい。Web of Deceit: Unveiling the Downside and Consequences of Internet Crimes on Younger Generations
In the age of information and connectivity, the いconsequences of globalization have found a new frontier: the internet. This is a story of how the ろdownside of our interconnected world has victimized the younger generations, drawing them into the perilous world of cybercrime.
Meet Alex, an intelligent and はambitious college student residing in a quiet suburban neighborhood. He was like any other young adult, juggling academics and にaspirations. Little did he know that the consequences of globalization would knock on his virtual door.
One evening, as he was surfing the web, Alex received an unsolicited message from an unknown sender. The message offered him an unbelievable opportunity: a large sum of money in exchange for contributing to a “special project.” Curiosity piqued, he consented to the conversation.
As Alex engaged further, it became clear that he was not alone. Hundreds of young minds like his were being approached with ほenticing offers. These young adults, often struggling with student loans and financial burdens, found it hard to resist the allure of quick cash. They were unwittingly becoming signatories to a sinister online convention.
The perpetrators behind these へschemes knew precisely how to demonstrate the appeal of their offers. They painted a picture of luxury and extravagance, promising a way out of financial troubles. とObligations were subtly twisted into opportunities, as they convinced their targets to assist in various cybercrimes, from phishing scams to hacking operations.
( イ ）, as Alex delved deeper, he began to realize the gravity of his situation. He had been drawn into a web of deceit that threatened not only his future but also his freedom. It was clear that these criminals operated （ ロ ）with sophistication, evading law enforcement agencies worldwide.
Desperate to retrieve his life and protect others from being victimized, Alex sought the help of cybersecurity experts and, eventually, law enforcement. Together, they embarked on a mission to designate the culprits responsible for preying on the vulnerabilities of younger generations.
The journey was （ ハ ） challenges and obstacles, but they found hope in an unexpected place: an independent judiciary that recognized the global nature of cybercrime. With their diligent efforts and the support of diplomatic pressure, they began to dismantle the criminal network piece by piece.
As the story unfolded, it became clear that the consequences of globalization had taken a sinister turn, affecting not just economies but also the lives of young individuals. Internet crimes were becoming increasingly sophisticated, exploiting the innocence and vulnerabilities of the digital natives.
Another example of cyber case is
Meet Lily, a 16-year-old high school student who was an active user of social media platforms. One day, she received a friend request from a seemingly genuine account of a girl her age named Emily. Emily and Lily quickly became online friends, chatting regularly about their interests and daily lives.
Over time, Emily gained Lily’s trust and confided in her about financial struggles in her family. She claimed to have discovered a way to make quick money by investing in a cryptocurrency scheme. Emily demonstrated fake screenshots of substantial earnings, showcasing the upside of joining this so-called “investment group.”
Innocently, Lily decided to invest a significant portion of her savings into the scheme, believing she was helping a friend in need. She consented to transfer her money to a cryptocurrency wallet provided by Emily. However, as soon as the funds were transferred, Emily’s account disappeared from the social media platform.
Lily was devastated to discover that she had been victimized by a cybercriminal who had posed as a friend. She had lost a substantial sum of money and had no way to retrieve it. This case highlights how youngsters can be lured into cybercrimes through social engineering tactics, preying on their trust and empathy.
“Web of Deceit” is a cautionary tale that underscores the importance of online vigilance and the need for global cooperation in combating cybercrime. It serves as a stark reminder that while the internet has connected the world in unprecedented ways, it has also exposed younger generations to a new set of risks and challenges.
問1 下線部の意味に近いものを選びなさい。
い
1.revelation 2.outcome 3.millennium 4.warrant
ろ
1.threat 2.velocity 3.resolution 4.drawback
は
1.cryptic 2.explicit 3.plain 4.innate
に
1.procedure 2.intelligence 3.ambition 4.indifference
ほ
1.alluring 2.hideous 3.compulsory 4.conceited
へ
1.coalition 2.coincidence 3.congestion 4.conspiracy
と
1.cohesion 2.freedom 3.requirement 4.compliance
問2（ ）に入る語句を選びなさい。
イ
1.despite 2.although 3.nonetheless 4.but
ロ
1.with sophistication 2.with ease 3.with distrust 4.with cyberagents
ハ
1.satisfied with 2. eager to filled with 4.complied with
問３ 本文の内容と沿うものを選びなさい。
1. What is the main theme of the article “Web of Deceit”?
A) The benefits of globalization
B) The consequences of internet crimes on younger generations
C) The history of cybercrime
D) The role of social media in modern society
2.Who is Alex in the article?
A) An experienced cybersecurity expert
B) A young college student
C) The leader of a cybercriminal group
D) A law enforcement officer
3.How did Alex initially become involved in cybercrime?
A) He willingly joined a cybercriminal group.
B) He received unsolicited messages from cybercriminals.
C) He was tricked by online scammers.
D) He was seeking quick cash through illegal means.
4.What kind of offers were young adults like Alex receiving in the article?
A) Job offers from legitimate companies
B) Opportunities to contribute to special projects
C) Scholarships for their academic achievements
D) Travel packages to luxurious destinations
5.What was the common vulnerability that cybercriminals exploited in the article?
A) Lack of computer skills
B) Innocence and financial struggles
C) Trust in law enforcement agencies
D) Inability to access the internet
6.How did Alex eventually respond to his situation in the article?
A) He joined the cybercriminal network.
B) He sought help from cybersecurity experts and law enforcement.
C) He continued engaging with cybercriminals.
D) He attempted to carry out hacking operations.
7.What was the turning point in Alex’s journey, as mentioned in the article?
A) He successfully carried out a phishing scam.
B) He decided to become a cybercrime kingpin.
C) He recognized the gravity of his situation and sought help.
D) He escaped from law enforcement agencies.
8.What is the main lesson or message conveyed by the article?
A) The benefits of globalization far outweigh the drawbacks.
B) Younger generations are immune to the risks of cybercrime.
C) Online vigilance and global cooperation are crucial in combating cybercrime.
D) The internet has made the world a safer place for young individuals.
9.Who is Lily in the article?
A) A cybersecurity expert
B) A high school student
C) A social media influencer
D) A cryptocurrency investor
10.How did Lily become a victim of cybercrime in the article?
A) She willingly invested in a cryptocurrency scheme.
B) She was targeted by law enforcement agencies.
C) She was deceived by a fake social media account.
D) She joined an independent judiciary group.
問4（英作文がある受験者のみ）
Explore the role of education and awareness programs in equipping younger generations with the knowledge and skills to protect themselves from cybercrime. Discuss the importance of integrating cybersecurity into school curricula and promoting responsible online behavior. Provide examples of successful initiatives and their impact on reducing vulnerabilities. Your essay is no fewer than 300 words.