Reading Comprehension

適切な冠詞を選択肢の中から選びなさい。

この練習を行うことで、以下のことができるようになります：

パッセージの主題や中心的なアイデアを特定する。
テキスト内の具体的な詳細を見つけて解釈する。これらの詳細が主題をどのようにサポートしているかを理解する。
パッセージに提供された情報に基づいて論理的な推論を行う。
不慣れな単語やフレーズの意味を文脈から判断する。
テキストで提示された議論の強さと妥当性を評価する。

Passage 1
The following is an excerpt from a fictional narrative about a character named Jane.

Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning. As the first rays of sunlight filtered through the leaves, she felt a deep sense of peace. Today, however, was different. The usual serenity was overshadowed by a gnawing anxiety. She was starting her new job, and the anticipation was almost too much to bear. Jane took a deep breath and reminded herself that change was a part of life.

Question 1:
What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Jane is worried about losing her job.
B) Jane finds solace in the early morning but is anxious about her new job.
C) Jane dislikes changes in her life.
D) Jane loves her new job.

Question 2:
Which phrase from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning.”
B) “The usual serenity was overshadowed by a gnawing anxiety.”
C) “She felt a deep sense of peace.”
D) “Jane took a deep breath and reminded herself that change was a part of life.”

Command of Evidence
Question 3:
Based on the passage, which of the following statements can be inferred about Jane’s feelings towards change?
A) Jane embraces change without any hesitation.
B) Jane feels conflicted about change.
C) Jane is indifferent to change.
D) Jane resists change.

Question 4:
Which sentence from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning.”
B) “Today, however, was different.”
C) “The usual serenity was overshadowed by a gnawing anxiety.”
D) “Jane took a deep breath and reminded herself that change was a part of life.”

Words in Context
Question 5:
As used in the passage, the word “gnawing” most nearly means:
A) persistent
B) fleeting
C) irrelevant
D) physical

Grammar and Usage
Question 6:
Select the best version of the underlined part of the sentence: “Jane had always loved the tranquility of the early morning. As the first rays of sunlight filtered through the leaves, she felt a deep sense of peace.”

A) (No change)
B) tranquility, of the early morning
C) tranquility of the early morning;
D) tranquility: of the early morning

Expression of Ideas
Question 7:
Which choice best maintains the style and tone of the passage?
A) Jane felt pretty good about the morning, but she was sort of nervous about her new job.
B) Jane felt serene in the morning but anxious about her new job.
C) Jane’s mornings were usually calm, but today she was freaking out about her job.
D) Jane loved mornings, but she was worried sick about her new job.

Passage 2:
The following excerpt is from a historical analysis of early 20th-century urban development.

In the early 1900s, cities across the United States underwent significant transformations. The advent of the automobile revolutionized transportation, leading to the expansion of suburbs. Skyscrapers began to dominate the skyline, symbolizing economic growth and technological advancement. However, this rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification. Reformers pushed for better living conditions, advocating for public parks, improved sanitation, and housing regulations.

Question 1:
What is the main focus of the passage?
A) The economic benefits of skyscrapers.
B) The role of automobiles in city development.
C) The changes and challenges in urban development in the early 1900s.
D) The decline of suburban areas.

Question 2:
Which detail from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “The advent of the automobile revolutionized transportation.”
B) “Skyscrapers began to dominate the skyline.”
C) “This rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.”
D) “Reformers pushed for better living conditions.”

Command of Evidence
Question 3:
What can be inferred about the attitude of reformers towards urban development?
A) They were opposed to all forms of development.
B) They supported development but wanted to address its negative impacts.
C) They were indifferent to the changes happening in cities.
D) They believed development should be halted entirely.

Question 4:
Which sentence from the passage best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) “The advent of the automobile revolutionized transportation.”
B) “Reformers pushed for better living conditions, advocating for public parks, improved sanitation, and housing regulations.”
C) “Skyscrapers began to dominate the skyline.”
D) “However, this rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.”

Words in Context
Question 5:
As used in the passage, the word “stratification” most nearly means:
A) simplification
B) layering
C) segregation
D) enhancement

Grammar and Usage
Question 6:
Select the best version of the underlined part of the sentence: “However, this rapid development came with challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.”

A) (No change)
B) including, overcrowding, pollution and social stratification.
C) including: overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.
D) including; overcrowding, pollution, and social stratification.

Expression of Ideas
Question 7:
Which choice best maintains the formal tone of the passage?
A) Reformers were pretty upset about the problems in cities.
B) Reformers thought the city issues were kind of serious.
C) Reformers were concerned about urban problems and sought improvements.
D) Reformers freaked out about the city’s problems and tried to fix them.