主語 + am/is/are + 動詞のing形 + その他の要素
否定文:
主語 + am/is/are + not + 動詞のing形 + その他の要素
疑問文:
am/is/are + 主語 + 動詞のing形 + その他の要素
具体的な例を挙げてみましょう：
肯定文:
I am studying.（私は勉強しています。）
She is reading a book.（彼女は本を読んでいます。）
They are playing football.（彼らはサッカーをしています。）
否定文:
He is not watching TV.（彼はテレビを見ていません。）
We are not working today.（私たちは今日は仕事していません。）
疑問文:
Are you listening to me?（あなたは私の話を聞いていますか？）
Is she coming to the party?（彼女はパーティーに来ますか？）
現在進行形は、次のような状況を表現するのに適しています：
現在進行中の行動（例：I am writing a letter.（私は手紙を書いています。）
現在の一時的な状態（例：She is feeling sick.（彼女は具合が悪いです。）
将来の計画や予定（例：They are leaving for vacation tomorrow.（彼らは明日、バケーションに出発します。）
現在進行形は、ある特定の瞬間に行われているアクションを強調する場合や、一時的な状態を述べる際によく使われます。他の英語の時制と組み合わせて、文の意味をより正確に伝えることができます。
現在形と現在進行形はどのように違い。
現在形と現在進行形は、英語の時制として現在を表現する方法ですが、意味や使い方に違いがあります。
現在形は、普遍的な事実、習慣、状態、定型の行動などを表すのに使われます。また、一般的な真理や普遍的な事実を述べる際にも使われます。以下は現在形の一般的な構造です：
例：
彼はジョンです。He is John.
私は野球を好きです。I like baseball.
彼女は毎朝ジョギングをします。She goes jogging every morning.
一般的な真理や普遍的な事実
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
（地球は太陽の周りを公転している。）
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
（水は摂氏100度で沸騰する。）
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
（太陽は東から昇り、西に沈む。）
Plants need sunlight to grow.
（植物は成長するために日光が必要です。）
The speed of light is approximately 299,792 kilometers per second.
（光の速度は約299,792キロメートル毎秒です。）
The Earth has one moon.
（地球は一つの月を持っている。）
All living things require water to survive.
（すべての生物は生き延びるために水を必要とする。）
Gravity causes objects to fall towards the Earth.
（重力は物体を地球に向かって落下させる原因となる。）
The human body has 206 bones.
（人間の体は206本の骨を持っている。）
Sound travels faster through solids than through gases.
（音は固体を通じて気体よりも速く伝わる。）
練習問題
以下の文を（ ）内の動詞を使い必要であれば形を変え英訳してください。
1.あなたは何をしていますか？(do)
2.猫は魚を好きです。(like)
3.毎日学校にいきます。(go)
4.彼らは今、新しいプロジェクトに取り組んでいます。(work)
5.太陽は東から昇り、西に沈みます。(rise/set)
6.私の友達はピアノを弾くのが上手です。(play)
7.お湯は100度で沸騰します。(boil)
8.この本はとても面白いです。(be)
9.彼女はよく朝早く起きます。(get up)
10.ほとんどの植物は太陽光を利用します。(use)
選択問題
1.She __________ an apple right now.
2.We usually __________ to the park on Sundays.
3.He __________ football at 3 o’clock yesterday.
4.They __________ for the exam at the moment.
5.I __________ a movie last night.
6.The sun __________ brightly every day.
7.We __________ on weekends.
8.He __________ a book when the phone rang.
9.The children __________ in the garden yesterday afternoon.
10.My friends __________ to Japan next week.
11.They __________ soccer every Saturday afternoon.
12.She __________ a letter to her friend right now.
13.The baby __________ when I came home.
14.We __________ dinner at a nice restaurant yesterday.
15.He usually __________ to the gym on weekdays.
16.They __________ English for the exam at the moment.
17.The sun __________ in the west every evening.
18.He __________ TV when I visited him.
19.When I arrived, they __________ cards in the living room.
20.My sister __________ to Europe last summer.
Problem 1: 同音異義語 homophones空白に正しく収まる単語を選択してください
I couldn’t decide _______ to go to the beach or the mountains for my vacation.
A) weather
B) whether
C) wether
D) whither
Problem 2: Comma Usage
正しいコンマ配置の文を選択してください。
A) Despite studying hard, Jack failed the test.
B) Despite studying, hard Jack failed the test.
C) Despite, studying hard Jack failed the test.
D) Despite studying hard Jack, failed the test.
Problem 3: Active vs. Passive Voice
受動態の文を選択してください。
A) The chef cooked a delicious meal.
B) A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.
C) The chef is cooking a delicious meal.
D) The chef will cook a delicious meal.
Problem ４:前置詞 Prepositions
文を完成させるために正しい前置詞を選択してください:
He is allergic _______ cats.
A) to
B) for
C) with
D) at
Problem 5: 文の構造
正しい構造で文を特定してください。
A) Having finished his homework, the TV was turned on.
B) The TV was turned on, having finished his homework.
C) His homework was finished, he turned on the TV.
D) Having finished his homework, he turned on the TV
Problem 6: 仮定法
条件付き仮定法を正しく使用する文を選択します。
A) If I would have studied harder, I could have passed the exam.
B) If I had studied harder, I would pass the exam.
C) If I studied harder, I could have passed the exam.
D) If I had studied harder, I could have passed the exam.
Problem 7: あいまいな代名詞Ambiguous Pronouns
あいまいな代名詞の参照を避ける文を選択してください。
A) The boy told his friend that he passed the test.
B) The boy told his friend that he passed the test, and he was happy.
C) The boy told his friend, “I passed the test.”
D) The boy told his friend that he passed the test, which made him happy.
Problem 8: 関係詞
Select the sentence with the correct adjective clause:
A) The person who won the competition received a trophy.
B) The person won the competition received a trophy.
C) The person, he won the competition, received a trophy.
D) The person won the competition, and they received a trophy.
Problem9: 助動詞
適切な文を選択してください。
A) He must finish the project yesterday.
B) She should have been studying for the test now.
C) They could finish the assignment by tomorrow.
D) I will can help you with the task.
Problem10コンマの連続と長文の修正
コンマの連続や長文の間違いが含まれている文を特定してください。
A) I enjoy reading books; they help me relax.
B) The movie was long, but it kept me engaged throughout.
C) She is talented at singing, and she performed beautifully on stage.
D) The concert was fantastic, everyone had a great time.
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D
１．下の単語の最も強く発音する部分を答えなさい。
(1) in – vent (2) vol – un – teer
２．日本語は英語に、英語は日本語に直しなさい。
（１） God （２） 指 （３）参加する （４）導入する （５）シンボル （６）原形
（７）（野球の）帽子 （８）床 （７）友情 （８）時代 （１０）少し
３．（ ）内の語を適切な形に直しなさい。
(1) He also learned singing and he (sing) in church.
(2) Braille is (write) in many places.
4. 下の文の（ ）に適するものを選び、その記号を書きなさい。
(1) This movie ( ) sad.
アmake you イmakes his ウmakes you
(2) Braille ( ) by Louis Braille in 1825.
ア was inventing イ is inventing ウ were invented エ was invented
(3) She ( ) in Canada for 2 weeks.
ア have stayedイ have staying ウ was stayed エ has stayed
5. １から８に当てはまる語をしたから選び、記号で答えなさい。 ア・イには当てはまる語を英語で書きなさい。
>The boy’s name was Aragaki Tsutomu. He liked music very much. One day he heard some hymns ( 1 ) the radio. He was ア in them. He wanted to hear some other hymns, and so he went to a church.
At the church he ( 2 ) the minister. Tsutomu ( 3 ) him about his life. The minister listened to him quietly. When Tsutomu ( 4 ) talking , he ( 5 ) that the minister was crying,“Oh, he ( 6 ) me, “ Tsutomu, Do you want to come and stay ( 7 ) us ? My wife and children イ happy. ” Tsutomu said, “Yes” Tsutomu started a new life ( 8 ) a member of the minister’s warm family.
(as, stopped , met , looked, with, stopped, on, found, understands, told)
ア イ
6.次の括弧内に正しい語句を入れなさい。
(1) 彼のおばあさんが彼の世話をしました。
His grandmother ( ) ( ) ( ) him.
(2) 彼は困っている人々を助けることを決心しました。
He ( ) ( ) ( ) other people in need.
(3) 私たち原文を点字に訳すためにコンピュータを使っています。
We’re using computers ( ) ( ) text ( ) Braille.
７．並び替えなさい。
(7)彼らは、（彼らの）家をより大きくしました。
(8)サッカーは多くの国でプレーされていますか。はい、されています。
(9)私は吉田兄弟の大ファンです。
１１．（ ）内から、適する語を選びなさい。
（１）Bill’s room ( was / is / are ) cleaned every day.
（２）( Do / Will / May ) I use your pen? – Sure.
（３）Shin has used this computer ( since / for ) two years.
（４）It has ( be / is / been / was ) sunny since yesterday
（５）Emi ( has / have / haved ) played tennis for three years
１２．（ ）内の語句を日本語に合う形にしなさい。
（１）This poem was ( write ) about 60 years ago.
この詩は約60年前に書かれました。
（２）Judy has ( study ) Japanese since last month.
ジュディは先月から英語を勉強しています。
（３） Was Shin ( run ) in the park then?
シンはあのとき、公園を走っていましたか？
（４）This dog is ( big ) than that one.
この犬はあの犬よりも大きい。
１３．（ ）に適する語を語群から選んで、記号で答えなさい。
（１）Origami is made ( ) a piece of paper.
（２）There are three ( ) differences.
（３）Braille is used ( ) many people.
ア most イ in ウ more エ from オ of カ by
1４．次の文中には誤りが一ヵ所あります。 例にならって、誤った部分を抜き出し、訂正しなさい。
（例）This are a pen 《誤》 are → 《正》 is
（１）The Braille is Figure 2 say “ku”.
（２）He has driven his car since ten years.
（３）Learned Braille is easy.
１５．次の（ ）の中の語を並べかえ、日本文に合う英文を書きなさい。
（１）私たちはこの公園を美しくしたいのです。
We want to ( this / beautiful / make / park ) .
（２）点字はどこで使われていますか。
( Braille / where / used / is ) ?
（３） 夏は泳ぐのに一番よい季節です。
Summer is ( season / best / for / the / swimming ) .
（４）あなたは去年から柔道の練習をしていますか。
( you / last / practiced / since / year / judo / have )?
１６．次の文を支持に従って、書き換えなさい。
（１）Shunsuke has played soccer for 14 years. （下線部を尋ねる疑問文に）
（２）Many people love these songs. (these songs を 主語にして受け身の文に)
（３）He wants a cat. （since last monthをつけて現在完了形の文に）
（４）Your room is cleaned every day. (疑問文に)
（５）My father gave me this pen. (下線部を主語に)
（６）This painting was painted in 1810. (下線部を尋ねる疑問文に)
１７．二つの文が等しくなるように、括弧内に適語を入れなさい。
（１）Kenta will help the old people next Thursday.
= Kenta ( ) ( ) ( ) to help the old people next Thursday.
（２）I began to have two cats a year ago, and I have the cats now.
= I ( )( )two cats ( ) a year.
18．次の日本文に合うように（ ）に当てはまる英語を入れて完成しなさい。
（１）例えば、この図を見てください。
Look at the figures, ( ) ( )
（２）私たちに参加してみてはどうですか？
( ) ( ) ( ) join us?
（３）それは、世界で最も有名な像の一つです。
It’s ( ) of the ( ) ( ) statues in the world.
（４）その像は４６メートルの高さです。
The statue is 46 ( ) ( ).
19.次の情報から、一つを選んで、現在完了形の英作文をしなさい。なお、選んだ番号を解答欄に書きなさい。
番号 名前 何を どのくらい
１ Misa バレーボールをしている 去年から
2 Mr.William 日本に住んでいる 25歳の時から
3 Saki 2匹の犬を飼っている 3年間
20.以下の英文は、点訳グループのメンバーである恵美が、自分の活動についてはっぴょうしています。英文を読んで、問題に答えなさい。
Braille is very small. ①It makes reading difficult. I’ll pass around an example. Feel it ( ２ ) your fingers. I work ( 2 ) a volunteer group. We’re using computers to put text into Braille.
Sometimes we get letters from people. ③The letters make us happy. Our meetings are held every Saturday.
（１）①It は何をさしていますか。
（２）（ 2 ）には共通する一語が入ります。答えなさい。
（３）下線部③を日本語に訳しなさい。
（４）以下の中から本文の内容と一致していないものを一つ選び記号で答えなさい。
ア Reading Braille is difficult.
イ Braille is not big.
ウ The volunteers are using computers to put braille into text.
エ When Emi gets the letters, she always becomes happy.
（5）次の質問に後に続く形で答えなさい。
When are the meetings held?
→ They are ( ) ( )( ).
20.次の文は、テレビ番組の「日本文化紹介コーナー」です。以下の文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。
Hello, everyone. This is your reporter, Maria Jones. Today I’m here in a big park in Hirosaki. I’m going to go to a shamisen concert. I’ve lived in Japan for five years, and I’ve loved Japanese music since I hear it ① 初めて ．
（１） 下線部① 初めて を英語4語で書きなさい。
（２） 本文を読んで、次の文の（ ）を埋める形で答えなさい。
レポーターのマリア・ジョーンズは、日本に（ ）年間住んでおり、初めて聴いたときから、 （ ）が（ ）です。
21．（ ）の中に適当な語を入れなさい。
（１）The concert ( ) ( ) three days. そのコンサートは3日間続きます。
（２）（ ）（ ）（ ）（ ）, the concert is very crowded.
見てお分かりになるように、そのコンサートは込んでいます。
（３） The concert ( ) ( )( ) people in this area.
そのコンサートはこの地域の人に人気があります。
２１. 次の長文を読んで、次の問題に答えなさい。
I’ve lived in Nagoya ①( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
I love Nagoya because there are a lot of nice foods. I like tebasaki, misonikomi and uiro.
When I went to Tushima city, I visited Tushima shrine and walked around Tenno river park.
②Although I do not often go to the city, I remember many nice places.
① 生まれたときからという文に。
② 訳しなさい
1.I _______ my homework before going to the party.
a) have finished
b) finished
c) will finish
d) am finishing
2.Jenny and _______ went to the movies last night.
a) she
b) they
c) we
d) her
3.I’m really excited about _______ new car.
a) my
b) mine
c) me
d) I
4.Yesterday, Sarah _______ a delicious cake for her sister’s birthday.
a) bake
b) baked
c) bakes
d) baking
5.The bookshelf is filled with various items: books, photographs, and _______.
a) cups
b) papers
c) plants
d) none of the above
6.The teacher asked us _______ the assignment by Friday.
a) finish
b) to finish
c) finished
d) finishing
7.The _______ book on the shelf belongs to my sister.
a) old interesting
b) interesting old
c) interested old
d) old interested
8.Each of the students must bring _______ own textbook to class.
a) his
b) her
c) their
d) its
9.Select the correct sentence that uses parallel structure:
a) She likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
b) She likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
c) She likes hiking, swimming, and rides a bicycle.
d) She likes hiking, swim, and to ride a bicycle.
10.I wish I _______ more time to study for the exam.
a) have
b) had
c) will have
d) have had
11.He is one of the students _______ always arrives on time.
a) who
b) whom
c) which
d) whose
12.Identify the correct use of the adverb in the sentence:
She sings _______ in the choir.
a) beautiful
b) beautifully
c) beautifullier
d) beautifulest
13.Everyone should bring _______ own lunch to the picnic.
a) his
b) her
c) their
d) its
14.which sentence is grammatically correct?
a) The group of students is going on a field trip.
b) The group of students are going on a field trip.
c) The group of students going on a field trip.
d) The group of students were going on a field trip.
15.By the time we arrive, they _______ for over an hour.
a) will have waited
b) have been waiting
c) will be waiting
d) had waited
16.The professor’s lecture was _______ informative.
a) much
b) more
c) most
d) very
17.The _______ actor received a standing ovation for his performance.
a) talented
b) talentedly
c) talent
d) talentedness
18.Neither of the candidates has announced _______ position on the issue.
a) his
b) her
c) their
d) its
19.Choose the correct figurative language device used in the sentence:
Her smile was a ray of sunshine on a gloomy day.
a) metaphor
b) simile
c) hyperbole
d) personification
20.The _______ of his voice echoed through the auditorium.
a) powerfulness
b) powerment
c) powerhood
d) power
21.”Stop!” she exclaimed, “I _______ it!”
a) love
b) mean
c) heard
d) quit
22.Select the correct sentence that uses an idiom:
a) He had a piece of cake and ate it too.
b) He had a piece of cake and ate it fast.
c) He had a piece of cake and ate it silently.
d) He had a piece of cake and ate it yesterday.
1.(b)(c) 2.(b)(c)3.a)4.b)5.(c)6.b)7.b8.c9.b10.b11.a12.b13.c14.a15.a16.b17.a18c19.a20a.d21b22.a
Laws are an indispensable pillar of any civilized society, serving as the bedrock for maintaining order, justice, and protecting individual freedoms, creating a system that encompasses legislation, judiciary, and enforcement. They provide a framework that governs our interactions, resolves conflicts, and ensures the smooth functioning of societies. Laws also provide a sense of order and stability in society. （ ① ） establishing guidelines for behavior, laws discourage and penalize actions that would disrupt social harmony. They outline acceptable conduct, delineate rights and responsibilities, and facilitate predictability in human interactions.The concept of law can be traced back to the earliest human societies. As humans gathered into communities, they recognized the need for rules to govern behavior, prevent harm, and promote collective well-being. As time advanced, there was remarkable case fought for freedom of speech. Nothing else better represents it than the case of Socrates’s. Here is a simplified story of what happened to him in the ancient time.
Socrates was an influential philosopher in Athens who questioned conventional beliefs and challenged the authority of the city-state’s democratic government. He was accused of impiety (disrespecting the gods) and corrupting the youth of Athens through his philosophical teachings. During his trial, Socrates defended himself by engaging in philosophical dialogue with his accusers and the jury. （②） delivering a compelling defense, which emphasized the importance of seeking wisdom and the pursuit of truth, Socrates was found guilty by a narrow margin.
The jury sentenced Socrates to death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock. Socrates accepted the verdict and calmly carried out the execution, becoming a symbol of intellectual integrity and standing up for one’s beliefs. The trial of Socrates holds immense historical significance as it raises important questions about the role of philosophy, the limits of free speech, and the relationship（③） an individual and the state. It serves （④） a cautionary tale about the potential dangers of a democratic system suppressing intellectual dissent and the importance of critical thinking and open dialogue in society. The trial and execution of Socrates had a profound influence on subsequent Western philosophy, with his student Plato dedicating several dialogues to the events surrounding the trial. Socrates’ martyrdom and the subsequent reflection on his life and teachings shaped the development of philosophy and the understanding of justice for centuries to come.
（⑤）laws protecting freedom, there are laws in place that prohibit discrimination, division, and defamation. Recently there was a breaking news story that quickly spread throughout Japan about a tragic incident involving a TV star who took their own life. This individual identified as LGBTQ+ and was born male but identified as female. イThey faced numerous challenges throughout their life. They discovered their true identity during their school years and bravely confided in their mother, who unfortunately responded with hurtful words like, ‘I raised you wrongly.’ This deeply affected their mental state, and they began to accumulate sadness day after day. With the recent passage of a new LGBTQ protection law in the Diet, they received significant media attention but also experienced a surge of defamation. ロ(it place stronger combat had laws in to been defamation for), this individual might have been spared from such a tragic fate.
In conclusion, from Socrates’s, it is crucial to educate citizens about their rights and the laws that protect them. By fostering legal literacy, individuals can understand their rights, hold authorities accountable, and actively participate in shaping the legal system. Laws continuously evolve to adapt to societal changes and emerging challenges. Citizens can advocate for legal reforms, engage in peaceful protests, and participate in democratic processes to influence legislation. Active engagement with lawmakers and legal institutions can promote the enactment of laws that further protect freedom and liberty. A robust judicial system that upholds the rule of law is essential for ensuring freedom and liberty. An independent judiciary acts as a check on arbitrary exercises of power, protects individual rights, and ensures fair and impartial adjudication. Upholding the principles of due process and equal protection under the law enhances citizens’ trust in the legal system.
設 問
1.（①）（②）（③）（④）（⑤）に入る適切な語下の語群から選びなさい。
by, despite, between, as, in addition to, due to, thanks to,
2.下線部を和訳しなさい。
3.
イを表すものは何か？
ロを入れ替えなさい。
4.What is the best title for the passage?
a.Why are there increasing rate of crimes here and there?
b.Where did the law come from?
c.What is law? Why we need it? Foundation of society
d.Socrates. The Father of freedom of speech
選択問題
1.Laws serve as the foundation for maintaining order, justice, and protecting individual freedoms. What purpose do laws primarily serve?
a) To create conflict
b) To disrupt social harmony
c) To establish guidelines for behavior
d) To limit human interactions
2.During his trial, Socrates defended himself by engaging in philosophical dialogue with his accusers and the jury. What did his defense emphasize?
a) The importance of seeking wisdom and the pursuit of truth
b) The need for strict adherence to the democratic government
c) The dangers of questioning conventional beliefs
d) The benefits of corrupting the youth of Athens
3.Socrates was found guilty by the jury and sentenced to death by:
a) Hanging
b) Beheading
c) Poison hemlock
d) Firing squad
4.The trial of Socrates raises important questions about the role of philosophy, the limits of free speech, and the relationship between:
a) Philosophy and democracy
b) Philosophy and justice
c) Free speech and democracy
d) Free speech and justice
5.The trial and execution of Socrates had a profound influence on subsequent Western philosophy. Who dedicated several dialogues to the events surrounding the trial?
a) Aristotle
b) Plato
c) Socrates himself
d) Pythagoras
6.The recent breaking news story in Japan involved a tragic incident where a TV star, who identified as LGBTQ+, took their own life. What could have potentially saved them from such a fate?
a) Stricter defamation laws
b) Stricter laws prohibiting discrimination
c) Weaker protection laws for LGBTQ+ individuals
d) Weaker protection laws against defamation
7.By fostering legal literacy, individuals can understand their rights, hold authorities accountable, and actively participate in shaping the legal system. What can legal literacy help citizens achieve?
a) Limit their rights and freedoms
b) Ignore authorities and disrupt the legal system
c) Understand and protect their rights
d) Avoid participating in democratic processes
8.Citizens can advocate for legal reforms, engage in peaceful protests, and participate in democratic processes to influence legislation. What can active engagement with lawmakers and legal institutions promote?
a) The enactment of laws that limit freedom and liberty
b) The overthrow of the legal system
c) The enactment of laws that further protect freedom and liberty
d) The establishment of an authoritarian government
What is the role of an independent judiciary in upholding the rule of law?
a) To protect individual rights and ensure fair and impartial adjudication
b) To exercise arbitrary power and limit individual rights
c) To undermine the legal system and disrupt social harmony
d) To enact laws and legislation
10.Upholding the principles of due process and equal protection under the law enhances citizens’ trust in the legal system. What does a robust judicial system ensure?
a) Arbitrary exercises of power
b) Individual rights and fair adjudication
c) Limited access to justice
d) Unfair and biased decisions
annotation
*Legislation:
Legislation refers to the process of creating laws or statutes. It involves the formulation, enactment, amendment, and repeal of laws by a legislative body, such as a parliament or congress. The purpose of legislation is to establish rules and regulations that govern various aspects of society, including civil rights, criminal offenses, taxation, business practices, and more. In a democratic system, legislation is typically carried out by elected representatives who consider the needs and interests of the population when drafting and passing laws.
*Judiciary:
The judiciary is the branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law. It comprises a system of courts and judges who adjudicate legal disputes and ensure that laws are interpreted and applied fairly and consistently. The judiciary acts as a neutral arbiter, independent of the legislative and executive branches, and its role is to uphold the rule of law. Judges review the facts and evidence presented in cases, interpret the law, and deliver judgments or verdicts. They also play a crucial role in safeguarding individual rights, protecting the constitution, and resolving conflicts between individuals, organizations, or the state.
*Enforcement:
Enforcement refers to the implementation and execution of laws, regulations, and court decisions. It involves various law enforcement agencies, such as the police, regulatory bodies, and other authorized personnel, who ensure compliance with the law and maintain public order. Enforcement may include investigating and preventing crimes, apprehending offenders, conducting inspections, issuing fines or penalties for violations, and taking necessary actions to enforce court judgments. The enforcement process aims to deter unlawful behavior, protect public safety, and ensure that the decisions and rulings made by the judiciary are respected and followed.
問一
| Ａ | Ｂ | Ｃ | Ｄ | |
| １ | light | dark | warm | ? |
| 2 | Play | Player | Swim | ? |
| 3 | Noon | Lunch | Morning | ? |
| 4 | 7 days | Week | 60 minutes | ? |
| 5 | August | Summer | April |
問二
次の文の（ ）に適する前置詞を書きなさい。
問三 次の文がほぼ同じ意味になるように、空所に適当な語を書き入れなさい。
１． A year ( ) four seasons.
There ( ) four seasons ( ) a year.
It’s ( ) ( ) eight now.
That house ( ) a blue roof is ( )
4 It is four forty-five now
It is a ( ) ( ) five now.
April ( ) ( ) March.
問四 次の各文の下線部が答えの中心となる疑問文を書きなさい。
問五
1 あなたは、東京と京都では、どちらの都市が好きですか？
（ ）（ ）do you like, Tokyo or Kyoto?
2 日本では、いつ雨が多く降りますか。
( ) do you ( ) ( ) rain in Japan?
3 図書館の前には、大きな木が１本立っています。
A big tree stands ( ) ( ) ( ) the library.
4 雨の日には、公園には子供たちはいません。
( ) ( ) no ( ) in the park on a rainy day.
5 神戸行きのその船は、まもなく出港します。
The ship ( ) Kobe ( ) ( ) soon.
6 あなたのお母さんの誕生日はいつですか？ ８月１８日です。
７ その教会は建てられてから約２００年になります。
８ 日本では、学校はいつから始まるのですか。 ４月からです。
９ あなたに虫歯が何本ありますか？
１０ 花瓶の中のこれらのゆりの花は枯れかけています。
問六 次の各文をあとの（ ）内の指示に従って書きかえなさい。
問七 次の文の誤りを正しく直して、全文を書きかえなさい。
問八 次の｛ ｝内の語を日本語の意味になるように並べかえなさい。
{ by / hours / airport / the / takes / car / two / it /to /}
｛this / are / lot / there / bridge / a / fish / under / of ｝
3 何頭かの牛が向こうの草の上で横になっています。
｛ cows / on / lying / some / there / the / are / over / grass ｝
｛mountain / foot / beautiful / the/ the/ the/ of/ lake/ at/ is｝
｛ out/ textbooks/ bags/ your/ your/ of / take｝. Everyone.
6.この映画、すごくいいよ。 絶対見て。
This movie is really good. {not/ you / it / must / miss }.
7.この種の電話には私は慣れてません。
｛phone / of / to / me / this / type / new / is ｝.
8.頼みごとがあるのですが。
｛I/ you/ favor/ may/ a / ask ｝?
9.彼はカレンの隣で座っていました。
｛sitting/ he/ Karen/ beside/ was｝.
問九 英作文
1.The panel of experts will hold a discussion ( ) the implications of the new legislation.
a) during
b) in respect to
c) due to
d) concerning
2.She walked ( ) the bridge to reach the other side.
a) over
b) behind
c) with
d) near
3.The bookshelf is ( ) the wall in the living room.
a) against
b) towards
c) below
d) beside
4.The students were excited ( ) their upcoming field trip.
a) about
b) during
c) along
d) between
5.They sat ( ) the table and enjoyed a delicious meal together.
a) around
b) over
c) below
d) with
6.He apologized ( ) his behavior at the party.
a) within
b) against
c) for
d) by
7.The team worked hard ( ) the clock to meet the deadline.
a) against
b) above
c) along
d) behind
8.The concert was postponed ( ) bad weather conditions.
a) due to
b) across
c) along
d) among
9.The children played ( ) the park until it started to rain.
a) in
b) during
c) against
d) near
10.The package was delivered ( ) the wrong address.
a) within
b) to
c) below
d) without
11.She jumped ( ) joy when she heard the good news.
a) for
b) beside
c) with
d) over
12.The car drove ( ) the tunnel and emerged on the other side.
a) through
b) across
c) behind
d) along
13.The teacher divided the class ( ) two groups for the activity.
a) upon
b) against
c) without
d) into
14.The painting hung ( ) the wall in the art gallery.
a) on
b) towards
c) beneath
d) near
15.They walked ( ) the park, enjoying the beautiful scenery.
a) through
b) within
c) behind
d) alongside
16.The company is known ( ) its excellent customer service.
a) for
b) against
c) below
d) across
17.The hiker trekked ( ) the mountain to reach the summit.
a) up
b) towards
c) between
d) with
18.The dog hid ( ) the bed when it heard thunder outside.
a) under
b) above
c) against
d) during
19.She walked ( ) the park ( ) her way ( ) the office.
a) across, on, to
b) along, towards, into
c) over, along, for
d) between, via, until
20.The restaurant is ( ) the street ( ) the bookstore and ( ) the museum.
a) across, from, beside
b) between, near, towards
c) behind, over, within
d) alongside, through, by
21.The keys were hidden ( ) the vase ( ) the secret compartment ( ) the cabinet .
a) below, into, across
b) under, inside, above
c) beneath, beside, towards
d)beneath, in, within
22.He jumped ( ) the fence and ran ( ) the field ( ) the forest.
a) over, across, through
b) against, into, towards
c) upon, alongside, under
d) around, within, near
23.The car was parked ( ) the driveway ( ) the house and ( ) the garage.
a) within, beside, alongside
b) across, towards, into
c) in, by, below
d) between, near, behind
24.They traveled ( ) the mountains, ( ) the valleys, and ( ) the rivers.
a) over, through, along
b) across, alongside, over
c) within, towards, into
d) between, below, under
25.The path leads ( ) the bridge and ( ) the tunnel ( ) the city center.
a) beyond, along, beside
b) around, between, within
c) across, towards, to
d) onto, into, through
1.d) concerning
2.a) over
3.a) against
4.a) about
5.a) around
6.c) for
7.a) against
8.a) due to
9.a) in
10.b) to
11.a) for
12.a) through
13.d) into
14.a) on
15.a) through
16.a) for
17.a) up
18.a) under
19.a) across, on, to
20.a) across, from, beside
21.d)beneath, in, within
22.a) over, across, through
23.b) within, beside, alongside
24.a) over, through, along
25.c) across, towards, to
次の英語を日本語に直しなさい。
１． My father had a few letters to write.
２． Ken and I went to Osaka to eat takoyaki.
３． Why did you go to Tokyo last week? To meet my friend.
４． I have a lot of homework to do.
次の日本文を英文にしなさい。
下線部の不定詞の用法を以下にしたがって記号で答えなさい。
名詞的用法 形容詞的用法
副詞的用法の 目的、 感情の原因 判断の根拠・理由
１．I want to eat something.
2. I want something to eat.
3. I went there to eat something.
4. His hobby is to go on a trip alone.
5. I was very surprised to hear the bad news.
6. I have some pictures to show you.
7. We are happy to have you as a guest.
8.There are a lot of nice places to visit in N.Y.
9. Bush wants a chair to sit on.
10.You must be crazy to say such a terrible thing to Mr.Narita.
Problem 1.
She showed me the website _______ I could download the software.
a) when b) where c) why d) how
Problem 2.
I am not sure _______ he will arrive.
a) when
b) where
c) why
d) how
Problem 3.
近い意味になるものを選びなさい。
They will go on vacation regardless of the circumstances.
a) They will go on vacation no matter what the circumstances.
b) They will go on vacation wherever the circumstances.
c) They will go on vacation whenever the circumstances.
d) They will go on vacation why the circumstances.
Problem 4.
近い意味になるものを選びなさい。
We can solve the problem regardless of the method.
a) We can solve the problem no matter the method.
b) We can solve the problem wherever the method.
c) We can solve the problem whenever the method.
d) We can solve the problem why the method.
Problem 5.
We will go hiking _______ the weather permits.
a) when
b) where
c) if
d) how
Problem 6.
The house __________ we rented is spacious,” which relative pronoun would correctly complete the sentence?
a) who
b) which
c) that
d) where
Problem 7
She explained __________ the process should be done so that everyone in the lab wouldn’t make errors.
a) where b) when c) why d) how
Problem 8
She told me about the time __________ she won the competition,” which relative adverb would correctly complete the sentence?
a) where
b) when
c) why
d) how
Problem 9
They discussed __________ the event would take place.
a) where
b) when
c) why
d) how