不定詞　上級

不定詞は英語の文法において重要な役割を果たす概念です。不定詞は、基本的に「to + 動詞の原形」の形式をとります。

不定詞は、さまざまな文法構造で使われるため、英文を正確に理解するためには不可欠です。不定詞は副詞、名詞、形容詞としても機能します。

目的や意図を表現する（副詞）：不定詞は、行動の目的や意図を表現するために使用されます。例えば、「I went to the store to buy some groceries（私は食料品を買うために店に行った）」のように、不定詞を使用することで行動の目的が明確になります。

動詞の後に続く（名詞）：不定詞は、特定の動詞の後に続いて使用されることがあります。これらの動詞は、to不定詞との組み合わせで特定の意味を持ちます。例えば、「want to」「decide to」「try to」といった表現があります。

高度な文法構造への進展：不定詞を理解することで、より高度な文法構造や文の解析に進むための基礎を築くことができます。例えば、分詞構文や動名詞構文といった文法領域への理解を深めるためにも、不定詞の知識は重要です。

 

以下の文章の不定詞に注目して和訳しなさい。

 

1.The teacher assigned a difficult project to complete by next week.

 

2.She bought a comfortable chair to study in for long hours.

 

3.She is a book to cherish for a lifetime.

 

4.We encountered a delicious recipe to try for our next cooking experiment.

 

5.He has a project to complete before the deadline.

 

6.The topic was too controversial to discuss in class.

 

7.It’s important to take breaks and relax to maintain mental well-being.

 

8.She aims to participate in a leadership program to enhance her skills.

 

9.He is a person to admire for his perseverance and determination.

 

10.To succeed in science, conducting experiments is essential.

 

11.We found a park to have a picnic in.

 

12.They want a house to raise a family in.

分詞の形容詞用法は何で必要？
分詞の形容詞用法を理解することで、より豊かな表現が可能になります。分詞を使うことで、文の主語や目的語に関連する状態や特徴を具体的に表現することができます。
例えば、”a broken window”（壊れた窓）や”a smiling child”（微笑む子供）のように、分詞を用いることで物や人の状態を形容することができます。形容詞の役割をします。
これにより、文章がより具体的で生き生きとした印象を与えることができます。また分詞の形容詞用法を使うことで、冗長な表現を避けることができます。代わりに、短い形容詞句を使用して情報を効果的に伝えることができます。
例えば、”the book that is written by J.K. Rowling”（J.K. ローリングが書いた本）という文を、”the book written by J.K. Rowling”
（J.K. ローリングが書かれた本）と短縮することができます。こうすることで、情報を簡潔に伝えることができます。次の空白に正しい語句を選び、文を和訳しなさい。Problem 1:
The ________ dog chased its tail around the yard.

a) Chased
b) Chasing
c) Chase
d) Chases

Problem 2:
________ by the stunning view, Sarah couldn’t help but take a deep breath.

a) Astonished
b) Astonishing
c) Astonishes
d) Astonish

Problem 3:
The ________ flowers filled the room with their sweet fragrance.

a) Bloomed
b) Blooming
c) Blooms
d) Bloom

Problem 4:
The ________ child jumped with joy when he received his birthday present.

Options:
a) Excited
b) Exciting
c) Excites
d) Excite

Problem 5:
The ________ cake was decorated with colorful icing and sprinkles.

a) Baked
b) Baking
c) Bakes
d) Bake

Problem 6:
________ by her performance, the audience gave her a standing ovation.

a) Impressed
b) Impressing
c) Impresses
d) Impress

 

Problem 7:
The ________ book kept me captivated until the very last page.

a) Written
b) Writing
c) Writes
d) Write

Problem 8:
The ________ athlete won the gold medal in the competition.

Options:
a) Determined
b) Determining
c) Determines
d) Determine

Problem 9:
________ with information, the students prepared for their upcoming exam.

a) Filled
b) Filling
c) Fills
d) Fill

 

 

 

答え

  1. chasing
  2. Astonished
  3. Bloomed
  4. Excited
  5. Baked
  6. Impressed
  7. Written
  8. Determined
  9. Filling

Problem1.

問題文を完成させるための正しい関係代名詞を選んでください。
正しい関係代名詞を選んで、次の文を完成させなさい。
The book _____ I borrowed from the library was very informative.

a) that
b) who
c) whom
d) whose

 

Problem2.

次の文の間違いを指摘してください。The teacher, whose his class is known for its high test scores, is highly respected.

a) The teacher
b) whose
c) his
d) is known for

 

Problem3.

正しい関係代名詞を選んで、次の文を完成させなさい。
She is a woman _____ dedication to her work is commendable.

a) whose
b) who
c) whom
d) which

 

Problem4.

次の文の間違いを指摘してください。
The car, that I bought  last week, is already giving me trouble.

a) The car
b) that
c) I bought
d) is already giving

 

Problem5.

正しい関係代名詞を選んで、次の文を完成させなさい。
He finally found the person _____ he had been searching for.

a) who
b) whom
c) which
d) whose

 

Problem6.

次の文の間違いを指摘してください。
The dog, who its tail was wagging happily, ran towards its owner.

a) The dog
b) who
c) its tail
d) was wagging happily

 

Problem7.

正しい関係代名詞を選んで、次の文を完成させなさい。
This is the house _____ my grandparents lived when they were young.

a) that
b) in which
c) which
d) who

 

Problem8.

次の文の間違いを指摘してください。
The company hired a new CEO, which their stockholders were pleased with.

a) The company
b) were pleased with
c) which
d) no errors

 

Problem9.

正しい関係代名詞を選んで、次の文を完成させなさい。
I can’t find the keys _____ you gave me yesterday.

a) who
b) which
c) whom
d) whose

 

Problem10.

次の文の間違いを指摘してください。
The student, whom won the essay competition, received a scholarship.

a) The student
b) whom
c) won the essay competition
d) no errors

 

Problem11.

関係代名詞の用法を答えなさい。
John, whose father is a doctor, wants to become a physician.

a) 制限用法
b) 非制限用法

Problem12.

「マイクは級友に私を紹介したが、そのうちの一人が私に野球を教えてもらいたがっていた。」となるよう（）内を正しく入れ替えなさい。

Mike introduced me to his classmates, ( me / teach / one / wanted / of / whom / to ) him how to play baseball.

答え

1.a)
2.c)
3.a)
4.b)
5.b)
6.b) who → whose
7.b)
8.d)
9.b)
10.b) whom → who
11.b)

日本語と合致するように（　）内に適切な英単語を入れなさい。 

ホームステイをしている間は、あなたは家族の一員です。

During your （　　　）, you are a （　    　） of the family. You are not a guest.

 

あなたは、家のルールに従う必要があります。疑問があれば、ホストファミリーに尋ねてください。

You (         )(          )(         ) the house rules. ( ) you have any (            ), ask your host family.

 

彼らとのコミュニケーションを大切にすることが重要です。

(      ) is important (      )(      ) with them.

 

あなたは、英語を話さなければなりませんが、完璧な英語を話す必要はありません。恥ずかしがらず、滞在を楽しんでください。

You (          )(          )(          ) English, but you (           )(          )(          )(         ) perfect English. Don’t be shy, and enjoy your stay.

 

昨夜、私がお風呂を使い終えた後、ホストの父親が言いました。「あなたのシャワーは長すぎました。5分で終わらせるべきですよ。」

Last night, when I finished (            ) the bathroom, my host father said, “Your shower was too long. You should finish it (        ) five minutes.”

 

私のホスト母親は料理が得意です。みんなが彼のディナーを食して楽しんでいます。

My host mother is good at (        ).

Everyone enjoys (       ) her dinners.

 

1つ問題があります。彼は私のお皿に食べ物をたくさん盛ります。彼女の気持ちを傷つけたくありません。
(            )’s one problem. She puts (         ) much food (           ) my plate. I don’t want to (         ) her (          ).

 

 

次の文を読んで以下の問題を答えなさい。

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Paving the Path to an Ideal Style of LifeIn recent years, the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has gained tremendous momentum, emerging as a guiding framework for addressing pressing global challenges. These goals, established by the United Nations, encompass a wide range of interconnected issues, from poverty eradication to environmental preservation and beyond. This essay explores the significance of SDGs in shaping an ideal style of life and the actions required to achieve them.Understanding the Sustainable Development Goals:

The SDGs comprise 17 interconnected goals aimed at tackling global challenges while fostering sustainable development. They encompass a broad spectrum of issues, including poverty, hunger, education, gender equality, clean energy, climate action, and more. The goals reflect a holistic approach, recognizing the interdependencies between social, economic, and environmental dimensions.

Promoting Social Equity and Inclusion:

SDGs emphasize the importance of social equity and inclusion, aiming to leave no one behind. By addressing poverty, hunger, quality education, and healthcare, the goals strive to create a world where basic human needs are met, and opportunities are accessible to all. Achieving these objectives ensures a more just and inclusive society, where everyone can lead a dignified life.

Environmental Stewardship and Climate Action:

One crucial aspect of SDGs is their focus on environmental sustainability. Goals such as clean energy, sustainable cities, responsible consumption, and climate action underscore the need to protect and preserve the planet for future generations. Through responsible resource management, biodiversity conservation, and mitigating climate change, SDGs aim to create a world where nature thrives alongside human development.

Building Resilient Economies:

SDGs recognize the importance of economic growth as a means to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development. However, the goals also emphasize the need for economic systems that are environmentally friendly, socially inclusive, and resilient. By promoting sustainable industrialization, innovation, and decent work opportunities, SDGs strive to create economic systems that benefit both people and the planet.

Partnerships for Sustainable Development:

The achievement of SDGs requires collaborative efforts from governments, civil society, businesses, and individuals. Goal 17 highlights the importance of partnerships in mobilizing resources, sharing knowledge, and fostering innovation. By working together, stakeholders can pool their expertise and resources to address complex challenges and maximize the impact of sustainable development initiatives.

In today’s world, SDGs have become a central pillar in shaping an ideal style of life that prioritizes social, economic, and environmental well-being. By addressing poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and other global challenges, SDGs offer a comprehensive roadmap towards a sustainable future. To achieve these goals, it is crucial for individuals, communities, organizations, and governments to embrace a collective responsibility, take action, and promote sustainable practices in all aspects of life. Only by working together can we build a world where every person can flourish, and our planet can thrive for generations to come.

 

適切な記号を選びなさい。

Question1: Which of the following best describes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

  1. A) A set of goals established by the United Nations to address global challenges and promote sustainable development.
  2. B) A framework focused solely on environmental conservation and climate change mitigation.
  3. C) A strategy aimed at achieving economic growth at the expense of social and environmental concerns.
  4. D) A set of guidelines for businesses to maximize profits without considering social and environmental impacts.

 

Question2: Which dimension(s) do the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) address?

  1. A) Only social aspects such as poverty and education.
  2. B) Only environmental aspects such as clean energy and climate action.
  3. C) Only economic aspects such as economic growth and innovation.
  4. D) All of the above – social, economic, and environmental dimensions.

 

Question 3: What is the primary focus of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

  1. A) Promoting social equity and inclusion.
  2. B) Ensuring economic growth at all costs.
  3. C) Addressing environmental conservation only.
  4. D) None of the above.

 

Question 4: How do SDGs contribute to environmental sustainability?

  1. A) By emphasizing the importance of responsible consumption.
  2. B) By prioritizing economic growth over environmental concerns.
  3. C) By advocating for the use of non-renewable energy sources.
  4. D) None of the above.

 

Question 5: What is the significance of partnerships in achieving SDGs

  1. A) They help mobilize resources and share knowledge.
  2. B) They limit the effectiveness of sustainable development initiatives.
  3. C) They prioritize the interests of individual stakeholders.
  4. D) None of the above.

 

次の各分の（　）から適語を選び記号を選びなさい。。

  1. Their success is (アmuch イall ウ　any) the more pleasing when you consider the engagement you have made.
  2. (アThere イWere ウHad エIf) he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
  3. I(アmay read イmay have read ウshould have read エmight read) the novel, but I hardly remember it.
  4. I proposed that the issue (アbe イis ウwere エhad been) discussed as soon as possible.
  5. You should consult (アwith your dictionary イwith your dictionary ウfor your dictionary エyour dictionary) before asking me.
  6. “How long will the pass (アtake イhold ウmake エdo) good?” 　“ For a week.”
  7. The dog, poorly (アtraining イtrain ウtrained エto train ), won’t be faithful.
  8. (Exhausting Having exhausted, Exhaust, Exhausted) from day’s work, he reached for a glass of wine to help him unwind.
  9. The Typhoon hit the town, (アcaused イhas caused ウcausing エcause ) a lot of damage.
  10. I was made (アto drink イdrinking ウdrunken エdrunk) against my will.

次の文を英語にしなさい。

  1. 昨夜、私がトイレを使い終えた後、ホストの母親が言いました。「あなたのシャワーは長すぎました。10分で終わらせるべきですよ。」
  2. 私は、私の滞在中にあなたの親切さと忍耐力に感謝しています。
  3. 言葉の壁があることもありましたが、私は最善を尽くして英語で話し、あなたは私を注意深く聞いてくれました。
  4. あなたのお宅ではテレビやビデオゲームがなかったため、夜には少し退屈でした。
  5. 私は毎日英語を勉強しており、時々私たちのゲームで学んだ単語を使っています。
  6. 親愛なるウィルソン夫妻へ
  7. いつかまたお会いできることを楽しみにしています。
  8. 新しい単語を学ぶことはとても楽しかったです。
  9. 私は、近い将来、再び彼らを訪れたいと思います。
  10. また、夜遅くに特別な予定がある場合は、一人で外出してはいけません。
  11. 私たちは夕食後に一緒にゲームを楽しみました。
  12. 私のホストの父親は料理が得意です。
  13. みんなが彼のディナーを楽しんでいますが、1つ問題があります。彼は私のお皿に食べ物をたくさん盛ります。私はそれを全部食べきることができません。 彼の気持ちを傷つけたくありません。彼が私に食べ過ぎを出すとき、何と言えばいいでしょうか？

以下の日本語を関係代名詞を使って英語にしてください。

  1. 美術コンテストに勝った少年は美しい絵を描きました。
  2. 彼女はボール遊びが大好きな犬を飼っています。
  3. 数学を教えている先生はとても知識が豊富です。
  4. 昨日私たちが見た映画はとても興奮させられるものでした。
  5. サイエンスフェアで優勝した少年は特別な賞を受けました。
  6. 姉はホイールで走るのが好きなハムスターを飼っています。
  7. ペットの犬を飼っている友達は散歩するのが大好きです。
  8. 私は色んな色で書けるペンを持っています。
  9. 庭に植えた植物は背が高くなっています。
  10. 授業がいつも面白い先生は生徒たちに愛されています。
  11. 私の友達は、毛が柔らかくふわふわしている猫を飼っています。

動名詞を目的語に取る動詞一覧
例：　Would you mind opening the window?
acknowledge imagine
admit justify
allow keep
appreciate mention
attempt mind
avoid miss
be worth necessitate
began omit
can’t help permit
celebrate picture
confess postpone
consider practice
defend prefer
delay prevent
deny prohibit
detest propose
discontinue practice
discuss prefer*
dislike prevent
dispute prohibit
dread propose
endure quit
enjoy recall
escape recollect
evade recommend
explain regret*
fancy report
feel like resent
feign resist
finish resume
forgive risk
give up shirk
tolerate shun
understand suggest
urge support

不定詞を目的語に取る動詞の一覧
例：I refuse to learn Janglish.
afford intend
agree learn
appear like
arrange long
ask love
attempt manage
begin mean
can’t afford need
can’t bear offer
can’t stand pay
can’t wait plan
care prefer
chance prepare
choose pretend
claim profess
come promise
consent prove
continue refuse
dare request
decide resolve
deserve say
determine seek
elect seem
endeavor shudder
expect start
fail strive
get swear
grow up tend
guarantee threaten
hate turn out
hesitate venture
hope volunteer
hurry want
incline wish
yearn would like